Exploring the potential role of hydrogen sulfide and jasmonic acid in plants during heavy metal stress

Abstract

In plants, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is mainly considered as a gaseous transmitter or signaling molecule that has long been recognized as an essential component of numerous plant cellular and physiological processes. Several subcellular compartments in plants use both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms to generate H₂S. Under normal and stress full conditions exogenous administration of H₂S supports a variety of plant developmental processes, including growth and germination, senescence, defense, maturation and antioxidant machinery in plants. Due to their gaseous nature, they are efficiently disseminated to various areas of the cell to balance antioxidant pools and supply sulphur to the cells. Numerous studies have also been reported regarding H₂S ability to reduce heavy metal toxicity when combined with other signaling molecules like nitric oxide (NO), abscisic acid (ABA), calcium ion (Ca²⁺), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ETH), jasmonic acid (JA), proline (Pro), and melatonin. The current study focuses on multiple pathways for JA and H₂S production as well as their signaling functions in plant cells under varied circumstances, more specifically under heavy metal, which also covers role of H₂S and Jasmonic acid during heavy metal stress and interaction of hydrogen sulfide with Jasmonic acid.