Realism and the Cinematic Gaze

Nicolas S. Witschi
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Abstract

The technology for and, consequently, the artistic potential of cinema emerged at the end of the nineteenth century during a period roughly contemporaneous with the careers of many prominent realist authors. Despite this concurrence, early cinema was, by and large, of relatively little interest to the creators of realist literature. However, their literary works have proven immensely popular with filmmakers. After surveying the limited but ultimately telling responses to the new medium by a number of writers from the realist period, this chapter suggests, through a concluding analysis of three distinctive works of cinema that were based on realist fiction, that the two forms ultimately share an abiding and even structuring affinity for the power of realistic representations to define and direct the reader’s or viewer’s perspective.
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现实主义和电影的凝视
电影的技术和艺术潜力在19世纪末出现,这一时期与许多著名的现实主义作家的职业生涯大致相同。尽管如此,早期的电影,总的来说,对现实主义文学的创作者来说,相对来说兴趣不大。然而,事实证明,他们的文学作品在电影制作人中非常受欢迎。在调查了一些现实主义时期的作家对新媒介的有限但最终有意义的回应之后,本章通过对三部基于现实主义小说的独特电影作品的总结分析表明,这两种形式最终都有一种持久的甚至结构化的亲和力,即现实主义表现的力量来定义和指导读者或观众的视角。
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