Terminality Advance Directives and Nursing Practice in Brazil: Bioethical Issues

Neuroethics in Principle and Praxis - Conceptual Foundations Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI:10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85914

Jacqueline Resende Boaventura, Juliana Dias Reis Pessalacia, Ana Paula Da Silva, Luciana Ferreira Da Silva, L. D. S. Barcelos, Carlos Eduardo Pereira Furlani, A. M. Ferreira

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Abstract

Advance directives (ADs) are understood as the act of deciding what care the patient wants to receive in the period before death. Preserving the patient’s autonomy by choosing his care guarantees human dignity during the process of dying. In Brazil, life expectancy and supportive technologies have increased, leading to growth of the number of terminally ill patients. However, there is still no legislation regulating ADs causing legal uncertainty in health professionals. Nursing professionals have the support of the Federal Nursing Council to respect the ADs, but, because it is an issue little explored, nursing professionals do not feel safe in the use of ADs, and changes in the curricula of the undergraduate courses in nursing are extremely needed, ensuring that patients have their wishes met during the dying process. Thus, this chapter deals with bioethical and legal issues involving ADs and nursing in the Brazilian context, proposing to deepen reflection and criticism on the issue and subsidies for decision-making.

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临终指示和护理实践在巴西:生物伦理问题

预先指示(ADs)被理解为决定患者在死亡前一段时间内想要接受何种护理的行为。通过选择自己的护理方式来保护病人的自主权，保证了人在死亡过程中的尊严。在巴西，预期寿命和支持性技术有所增加，导致绝症患者人数增加。然而，仍然没有立法规范广告，导致卫生专业人员在法律上的不确定性。护理专业人员得到联邦护理委员会的支持，尊重ADs，但是，由于这是一个很少被探索的问题，护理专业人员对使用ADs感到不安全，因此非常需要改变护理本科课程的课程，以确保患者在死亡过程中得到他们的愿望。因此，本章讨论了巴西背景下涉及ADs和护理的生物伦理和法律问题，提出了加深对问题和决策补贴的反思和批评。

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Neuroethics in Principle and Praxis - Conceptual Foundations

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