Overview of longline vessels and their main power plants operating in Far Eastern fishing basin

Abstract

The article presents an overview of the general events in longline fishing. Three types of longline fishing (pelagic (drifting), near-bottom and bottom fishing) are used today. Longline fishing and the required fishing gear ‒ a ridge and hooks with leads ‒ are described. The development of longline fishing in the Far Eastern basin began in 1926. Cod and halibut were caught by longline fishing. Originally, small Kawasaki vessels and MRS-80 type fishing seiners were used for launching and hauling the nets. Since the 1950s longline fishing has practically ceased. Its revival began only in the mid-1970s. Than it became possible to conduct the research and development of means of longline fishing mechanization. Lagging of the national means of mechanization from the foreign ones was obvious, that is why it was decided to buy Norwegian and German longline complexes and convert already built vessels into longline fishing vessels. There have been considered different types of on longline fishing vessels. A refrigerating unit and a longline complex are common features for these vessels. The architecture of the vessel hulls of both small tonnage and medium tonnage does not meet the modern environmental requirements, because a large number of seabirds and other mammals die when hauling a line. As a result of the review of the main power plants, it was revealed that the main power plant includes a main engine, a reverse gear, a shaft generator, a fixed-pitch propeller or an adjustable-pitch propeller, and a multiplier. It has been inferred that there is no general approach when choosing the most appropriate main power plant for a longline vessel.