Realization of Current-Mode Universal Filter Utilising Minimum Active Elements and Only Grounded Passive Components

Abstract

A new proposition of second-order universal filter, employing only grounded passive components with two active elements, has been introduced in this manuscript. The employed active device is Voltage Differencing Current Conveyor (VDCC) and the total count of passive elements is three. The derived current-mode filter is capable of delivering all the basic responses, i.e., band pass, high pass and low pass from its high impedance port. The independent tunability of its quality factor is another appreciable feature of designed network. The feasibility of the proposed circuit is justified, initially through mathematical analysis and later by simulations performed using off-the-shelf integrated circuit.