Afghanistan in the Trap of an Ethnic Security Dilemma: Is There Any Solution on the Horizon?

Sayed Reza Hussaini
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Abstract

Afghanistan represents one of the most complex mosaics of ethnic groups in the world and its contemporary history has been characterised by ethnic hierarchy. Pashtuns domination of the country and their discriminatory policies toward non-Pashtuns have had long-term effects in destroying inter-ethnic trust. The hierarchical relationships among ethnic groups have always been an obstacle to creating ethnic harmony even in pre-war Afghanistan. The paper, by adopting ‘ethnic security dilemma theory,’ attempts to analyse how and why ethnicity in Afghanistan was politicised and morphed into fault line that finally surfaced in the form of civil war in 1990s. It will discuss the impacts of internecine war on inter-ethnic relations and explores the possible options to deal with the long-standing ethnic security dilemma. Being caught in an ethnic trap, the paper argues, only a meaningful power-sharing mechanism can glue the future Afghanistan together.
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陷入民族安全困境的阿富汗:是否有解决之道?
阿富汗是世界上最复杂的民族组合之一,其现代史的特点是民族等级制度。普什图人对国家的统治及其对非普什图人的歧视性政策对破坏种族间的信任产生了长期影响。即使在战前的阿富汗,各民族之间的等级关系一直是建立民族和谐的障碍。本文采用“种族安全困境理论”,试图分析阿富汗的种族是如何以及为什么被政治化的,并演变成断层线,最终在20世纪90年代以内战的形式浮出表面。它将讨论自相残杀的战争对民族间关系的影响,并探讨处理长期存在的民族安全困境的可能选择。文章认为,陷入种族陷阱的阿富汗,只有有意义的权力分享机制才能将未来的阿富汗团结在一起。
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