Diffraction of atoms by a standing wave at Gaussian initial momentum distribution of amplitudes

Abstract

The role of the initial state preparation of the coherent diffraction of atoms in the field of a standing wave is considered. It is shown that the time evolution of the atomic wave packet with a Gaussian initial momentum distribution of amplitudes, due to the constructive quantum- mechanical interference, occurs practically without transformation of the initial Gaussian form. Depending on the phases of the initial momentum distribution components, the increment of the atomic momentum can vary from the maximum possible amount (determined by the limiting speed of stimulated photon re-emission acts) to zero. Consequently, for Gaussian atoms the standing wave presents an effective mirror with controllable reflection angle.