Assessment of health risk associated with Ethion dissipation in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Abstract

Dissipation behavior and human hazard index (HI) of ethion on okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) fruits were studied in Koonavaram village, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India. Ethion was applied on okra crop with knapsack sprayer during the fruiting stage, and fruit samples were collected on 0, 2 nd , 4 th , 6 th , and 8 th days from the time of application. Ethion was detected with the help of GC-MS/MS using dried and grinded fruit samples. From the study, average ethion residues detected in the vegetable samples were in descending order of 8.02, 1.14, 0.14, 0.08, and 0.02 mg/kg, which were collected from the above-mentioned days. The correlation coefficient of ethion residue concerning time was recorded as significant. Ethion dissipation percent was 85.74, 98.25, 99.04, and 99.71 in samples with respect to the days of 2, 4, 6, and 8, respectively, which was compared with the residue of samples collected immediately 2 h after applying ethion. During the study of half-life, on ethion was 0.95 days. Pre-harvested interval of 2 days gap is required after the application of ethion. The human HI of ethion was 10.020, 1.429, 0.175, 0.096, and 0.029 for samples collected from the respective days, where the intake amount for an average Indian adult of 60 kg is 150 g.