Organics and Nutrients Loading to The 23rd of July Man-Made Lake in Benghazi City, NE Libya

M. S. Hamouda, M. Abbas
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Abstract

The 23 of July lake in Benghazi City is a Man-made lake or lagoon. It was established in 1982. The lake has a surface area of about 93 hectares and the water depth ranges from 5 m  near its landward edge to about 2.5 m  in the seaward direction. The lake receives inputs from various outlets, however, the discharge of untreated sewage remains the major environmental problem for the neighboring residential area as well as the commercial and recreational places. The current study was carried out in order to estimate the organic and nutrient loading into the lake and determine the pollution status of the lake. The result obtained showed a very high concentration of almost all pollution indicators parameters and showed levels above those reported for the non-polluted body. For instance, the parameters for the water characteristics such as the total dissolved solutes were found to range from 18468.2-23233 mg/l. The level of dissolved oxygen was found to range from 1.97-3.07 mg/l, while the pH showed no significant differences ranging from 7.35-7.94. The results also indicated a massive enrichment of organics as the BOD values were found to range from 117.5–148.33 mg/l while the COD values ranged from 235.0-296.7 mg/l and the total suspended solids were 60.50-86.50 mg/l, all of which reflecting on an environment highly polluted by organic material. The ranges for the nutrient NO3- and PO4-3 were found to be ranging from 1.68-3.43 mg/l for nitrate and 0.95-2.22 mg/l for phosphorus, revealing the possibility of stimulating algal growth in the lake if the environmental condition needed exist. The levels of ammonia (NH3 and nitrite (NO2) were found to be in the range of 0.01-0.03 mg/l and 3.60-11.20 mg/l  respectively.  In general, the results showed large variations both between samples and among zones. This could be attributed to the variety of input sources. The exceptionally high level of BOD at zone (D) could be attributed to the initial entrance of the major sewage input point and low dilution.
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利比亚东北部班加西市7月23日人工湖的有机物和营养物装载
班加西7月23日的湖是一个人工湖或泻湖。它成立于1982年。湖的表面积约为93公顷,水深从靠近陆地的5米到向海的2.5米不等。湖泊从不同的出口接收输入,然而,未经处理的污水排放仍然是邻近居民区以及商业和娱乐场所的主要环境问题。开展本研究的目的是为了估计湖泊的有机和营养负荷,确定湖泊的污染状况。获得的结果显示,几乎所有污染指标参数的浓度都非常高,高于未受污染的身体所报告的水平。例如,总溶解溶质等水特性参数的范围为18468.2- 23233mg /l。溶解氧含量在1.97 ~ 3.07 mg/l之间,pH值在7.35 ~ 7.94之间无显著差异。水体中有机物大量富集,BOD值为117.5 ~ 148.33 mg/l, COD值为235.0 ~ 296.7 mg/l,悬浮物总量为60.50 ~ 86.50 mg/l,有机质污染程度较高。水体中营养物NO3-和PO4-3的硝酸盐含量在1.68 ~ 3.43 mg/l之间,磷含量在0.95 ~ 2.22 mg/l之间,表明在环境条件需要的情况下,有可能刺激水体藻类生长。氨(NH3)和亚硝酸盐(NO2)含量分别在0.01 ~ 0.03 mg/l和3.60 ~ 11.20 mg/l之间。总的来说,结果显示样品之间和区域之间的差异很大。这可能归因于输入来源的多样性。(D)区的BOD水平异常高可归因于主要污水输入点的初始入口和低稀释。
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