Ethno-Eco-Chem-Medico and Tissue Culture Knowledge of the Asthma Climber-Antmool (Tylophora Indica)

Abstract

Antmool (Tylophora indica (Burm. F.) Merrill) is a highly potent medicinal plant for asthma from sub-Himalayan tract which extends from Uttar Pradesh to Meghalaya. This contains many active chemicals viz., tyloindicines, tylophorinine, isotylocrebrine, tylophorine etc. This covers information concerning its various medicinal values viz., anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiallergic, antimicrobial, anti hyperglycaemic, anti hyperlipidemic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antistress activity, anti-plasmodium activity and free radical scavenging properties. The in vitro studies confirmed that this have broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity and also inhibitory effect on HIV. It is useful in Alcohol induced anxiety, myocardial damage. It is hepatoprotective and has diuretic activity. It can inhibit cellular immune responses. It is the famous remedy in Indian folk medicine since time immemorial for solving health issues viz., asthma, whooping cough, bronchitis, cold, cough, sore throat, snake bite, lucorrhoea and food poisoning. This has high medicinal recognition, so harvested on a large scale in an uncontrolled manner from its wild habitats.This review records various biotechnological approaches for large scale propagation of T. indica under in vitro conditions. This demonstrates the growth regulator synergy and even effect of explanting season. This also records results of culture studies and planting substrate used. The study carried out demonstrates that in vitro raised plant and callus produces better alkaloidal yields in comparison to the field plants. Novel antibacterial compounds can also be isolated from in vitro culture of explants. The review covers assessment of clonal fidelity, future of Ri T-DNA integrated rol Genes.