The Discovery of Gold Mines in Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, and Goiás

Adriana Romeiro
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Abstract

After more than a century and a half of looking for precious metals, by private individuals and the Portuguese crown, gold in abundant quantities was finally discovered in 1695, in the sertões of Cataguases—a region that corresponds to the central portion of the current state of Minas Gerais. The event marked the beginning of a series of finds in the most western part of Portuguese America in the first half of the 18th century, in the regions that would come to be known as Minas do Cuyabá and Minas dos Goyazes. The 18th century marked the dawn of a golden era in the Luso-Brazilian world, pointing to the concretization of the promises that, since the 16th century, had proclaimed an era of wealth for Portugal. The most profound consequence of the discovery of gold was a new geopolitical reconfiguration of Portuguese dominions in the American continent, in a politically delicate conjuncture, in which America came to occupy a central position in the Portuguese Empire, at the same time that Iberian territorial boundaries—established by the Treaty of Tordesillas—were the subject of intense negotiation. The captaincy of Minas Gerais, where a large amount of gold was discovered for the first time, constituted a laboratory where the Portuguese crown drafted the political and administrative formula that would later be applied in the captaincies of Mato Grosso and Goiás.
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在米纳斯吉拉斯州、马托格罗索州和Goiás发现金矿
经过个人和葡萄牙王室一个半多世纪的寻找贵金属的努力,1695年,在卡塔瓜斯的sertões地区,也就是现在米纳斯吉拉斯州的中部地区,终于发现了储量丰富的黄金。这一事件标志着18世纪上半叶葡属美洲最西部地区一系列发现的开始,这些地区后来被称为米纳斯·杜·库亚ab和米纳斯·多斯·戈亚斯。18世纪标志着葡巴世界黄金时代的曙光,标志着自16世纪以来宣布葡萄牙财富时代的承诺具体化。金矿的发现带来的最深远的影响是葡萄牙在美洲大陆的领土在地缘政治上的重新配置,在一个政治上微妙的时刻,美洲在葡萄牙帝国中占据了中心地位,与此同时,由《托德西拉条约》确立的伊比利亚领土边界成为激烈谈判的主题。首次发现大量黄金的米纳斯吉拉斯州的船长,是葡萄牙王室起草政治和行政公式的实验室,这些公式后来在马托格罗索州和Goiás的船长中得到应用。
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The Insurrection of Pernambuco and the Surrender of the Dutch in Brazil (1645–1654) The Discovery of Gold Mines in Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, and Goiás The Spanish Language in Latin America in the 20th Century The Independence of Uruguay and the Atlantic World Thomas Stanford and His Field Recordings of Mexican Music
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