A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON WATER TREATMENT TECHNIQUES

Abstract

With the growing population across the world, there is a call for the availability of freshwater to meet our necessities. There is an increase in water scarcity from 14% of the global population in the 1900s to 58% in the 2000s. Though we have nearly 70 percent of the earth’s surface covered with water, still only 0.5 percent of total water is available for human consumption because almost 97% of water is sea water which requires desalination and water purification to make it apt for drinking purposes. Over many years our researchers have been working on various techniques such as Multistage distillation, Reverse Osmosis (RO), Membrane Distillation (MD), Electrodialysis (ED), Nanofiltration (NF), Ultrafiltration (UF), Forward Osmosis (FO), Solar desalination,etc. This paper reviews the various processes (advantages & disadvantages) and their commercialization.