Non-ribosomal Biosynthesis of Linear and Cyclic Oligopeptides

Abstract

Introduction Historical Introduction Proteins and Protein Domains in Non-ribosomal Peptide Synthetase Systems Adenylate Domains Carrier Domains for the Transport of Intermediates Condensation Domains and Related Epimerization Domains Thioesterase Domains N-methyltransferase Domains Oxidation and Reduction Domains The Reaction Cycle The Multi-step Assembly Line Side Reactions Tailoring Reactions Isolation and Cloning of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Occurrence and Detection of NRPS Clusters Structure of NRPS Clusters in Prokaryotes Eukaryotic NRPS Systems Manipulation of NRPS Systems Metabolic Engineering and Heterologous Expression Genetic Alterations of Programming Outlook and Perspectives Keywords: peptide synthetase; non-ribosomal system; thiotemplate mechanism; multienzyme systems; peptides; cyclopeptides; peptide biosynthesis