Exploring the Geological Formation and Sub-Surface Lithology Modelling of Hadejia, Jigawa State Nigeria

Abstract

This research aims to explore the geological formation and sub-surface lithology modelling of Hadejia, Jigawa State using the VES (vertical electrical sounding) method. The VES method is a geophysical technique that measures the electrical resistivity of the subsurface, which is related to the lithology of the rock units. The study area is located in the north-western part of Nigeria, on latitudes 12025’23.73‘‘N and longitudes 10°04’06.74‘‘E, and is characterized by a chad formation geological setting with a variety of rock units, including sandstones, shales, and limestone. The research was conducted using a total of 50 VES stations, which were distributed over the study area in a grid pattern. The data collected from the VES stations were analyzed using the IPI2WIN software. The results were used to create a subsurface electrical resistivity model, which was then used to infer the lithology units present in the subsurface. The results showed that the study area is characterized by a complex subsurface structure, with several rock units present, including sandstones, silt, and clay. The subsurface electrical resistivity model revealed that the sandstone units are located at shallow depths, while the silt units are found at deeper depths. The clay is present at intermediate depths and is interbedded with sandstones and clay. The results provide valuable information for hydro-geological and mineral exploration in the area.