Recent advancement in organic solar cells and comparison between various structures

Abstract

A need of an electrical energy is increasing worldwide very rapidly for the all kind of electronic applications. In fact, in the era of industrialization and globalization its demand has increased exponentially. Fossil fuels, which are the prime elements of electrical energy generation, are on the verge of being exhausted. Also, these fuels are the source of severe environmental pollution. Therefore, it is utmost necessary to harness energy from non-conventional sources or call them the clean energy resources. Recently, there have been great advancements in the organic semiconductor technology that includes organic solar cells /organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) as an alternative to the conventional energy sources. Due to their low-cost fabrication, simple working principle, synthetic variability, and a capability to incorporate advanced materials, the OPVs have gained a huge attention of the researchers. This paper represents various recent advancements/improvements in organic solar cells based on structures, materials and performance affecting factors. This paper also emphasis some focus on the output parameters of the organic solar cells such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor and efficiency.