Population aging and its demographic effects

Abstract

Aging is a destructive physiological process that increases with age and results in the decrease in the body's adaptive capacity. Aging is irreversible, however, it can be prolonged for many decades though maintaining active longevity. The study was aimed to assess ageing in terms of demography and analyze demographic policy in the Voronezh region. The study involved assessment of the major demographic parameters of the population, such as mortality, birth rate, population, and life expectancy. The data were provided by the territorial agency of the Federal State Statistics Service in the Voronezh region (Voronezhstat). It has been found that in recent years (2015–2021) birth rate has decreased by 1.4 times, life expectancy has decreased by 4.1 years, and mortality has increased by 1.5 times (2019–2021). Today, the population of elderly people is growing. This results in the situation when mortality exceeds birth rate. Population aging observed in the Voronezh region is rapid. To improve the major parameters, the demographic policy outlined in the document “On Approval of the Concept of Demographic Policy in the Voronezh Region for the Period up to 2025” has been implemented that is focused on improving both borth rate and the quality of life of the population. The project has not yet brought any desirable result, however, activities in this field contribute to improvement of major demographic indicators.