The Development Course of Chinese Public Cultural Services

Abstract

This paper reviews the historical process of public cultural service in China since 1978 from recovery, orderly development, in-depth development to prosperity and development, and analyses the development characteristics of public cultural service in various stages. Public cultural services are public cultural facilities, cultural products, cultural activities and other related services provided by the government and social forces to meet the basic cultural needs of citizens. As an important function of modern government, public cultural service is an important source of enhancing cultural soft power. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s public cultural service industry has experienced a stage of recovery, orderly development and in-depth development. At present, it has gradually entered a stage of prosperity and development. 1. Recovery and development stage of public cultural services (1978-1992) The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was convened by the Communist Party of China in December 1978, marking the historical period of China’s socialist modernization drive entering the reform and opening-up period. The conference declared that the focus of the Party’s work had shifted from class struggle to economic construction. The public cultural service industry has entered a new exploration period with the opening of the economic system reform led by the state,. 1.1 The fundamental task of public cultural service is clearly defined In September 1986, at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Guidelines for the Construction of Socialist Spiritual Civilization was adopted. The fundamental task of socialist spiritual civilization construction is to meet the needs of socialist modernization construction, cultivate socialist citizens with ideals, morality, culture and discipline, and improve the ideological, moral and scientific and cultural qualities of the whole Chinese nation. This is the first time that the Party’s plenary session has carried out a comprehensive layout of socialist spiritual civilization construction from the height of socialist cultural construction, and has also put forward the fundamental task for the cause of public cultural services. 1.2 Establish the basic cultural policy of “supplement with text” Public cultural services need to be supported by certain economic foundations. In the 1980s, Chinese society just got rid of the serious shortage of materials. Economic construction is still the absolute center of the whole work. The Notice of Several Opinions on Strengthening the Cultural Work of Cities, Factories and Mines, issued in 1983, and the Interim Measures for Cultural Institutions to Carry out Compensated Services and Business Activities, issued in 1987, spontaneously point to the cultural policy of “supplementing the text”. The basic meaning of this policy is that the central government allows cultural institutions to carry out paid cultural services and cultural business activities, and incorporates the economic income from cultural business into the budget management of the units, so as to subsidize the lack of funds for cultural business activities. Although the cultural policy of “supplement by writing” opened the prelude to the transformation of our cultural undertakings into market economy system, it is undeniable that under the restriction of the backward 4th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2019) Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 76