CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE CONFLITOS DE USO DO SOLO EM APPs NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO BARRA SECA (PEDERNEIRAS/SP)

Abstract

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo mapear as classes de uso e ocupacao do solo e seus respectivos conflitos nas Areas de Preservacao Permanente (APPs) da bacia hidrografica do corrego Barra Seca, localizada no distrito de Guaianas, Pederneiras/SP. A area de estudo situa-se geograficamente entre as coordenadas 48o 55’ 17” a 48o 50’ 43” de longitude W Gr. e 22o 23’ 40” a 22o 17’ 06” de latitude S, apresentando uma area de 3937,59ha. Para o apoio cartografico, utilizou-se a carta planialtimetrica em formato digital, editada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica - IBGE (1973) referente a folha de Agudos (SF-22-Z-B-II-3), em escala 1:50.000. A imagem de satelite, bandas 3, 4 e 5 do satelite Landsat - 5, sensor TM ( Thematic Mapper ), de 24 de julho de 2011, orbita 221, ponto 75, com resolucao espacial de 30 x 30 metros, cedidas pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). O Sistema de Informacoes Geograficas (SIG) utilizado foi o IDRISI Selva e o software, o CartaLinx. A realizacao deste trabalho teve como suporte legal a legislacao ambiental, mais especificamente, a Lei Federal no 12.651/12, com alteracoes feitas pela Lei Federal no 12.727/12. Os usos e ocupacao do solo da bacia hidrografica do corrego Barra Seca sao mata ciliar, mata, pastagem, reflorestamento, cana-de-acucar, eucalipto, represa, vias pavimentadas, area urbana, barracoes e outros, lazer, outras culturas e cemiterio, sendo que os usos mais significantes referem-se a cana-de-acucar (1960,29ha) representando 49,81% da area total da bacia, seguido de reflorestamento (1025,01ha) e pastagem (405,63ha). Quanto as Areas de Preservacao Permanente constatou-se que elas nao estao sendo totalmente preservadas conforme a legislacao, apenas 93,57ha (53,90% do total das APPs) estao preservadas. Desta forma, o estudo de uma determinada bacia hidrografica torna-se uma ferramenta importante para entender sua dinâmica em relacao ao uso e ocupacao de sua area, alem de reconhecer as inter-relacoes existentes entre os diversos elementos e processos que atuam no seu limite e caracterizar os seus problemas ambientais. KEYWORDS: Areas de Preservacao Permanente, Mapeamento do Uso da Terra, Legislacao Ambiental, Sistemas de Informacao Geografica. Description Of Conflicts Of Land Use In Apps From Barra Seca Basin Stream (Pederneiras/SP) ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to map the classes of land use and their respective conflicts in Areas of Permanent Preservation (APPs) in Barra Seca Basin Stream, located in Guaianas district, in Pederneiras / SP. The study area is geographically located between the coordinates 48 o 55 ' 17 "to 48 o 50' 43 " longitude W Gr and 22o 23' 40" to 22o 17' 06"S latitude, with an area of 3937.59ha. For cartographic support, the planialtimetric digital map was used, published by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics – IBGE (1973) referring to Agudos (SF -22 - ZB - II - 3), scale 1:50.000. The satellite image, bands 3, 4 and 5 of Landsat - 5 TM sensor (Thematic Mapper), from July 24, 2011, orbit 221, paragraph 75, with spatial resolution of 30 x 30 meters, provided by the National Institute for Space Research INPE were used. The Geographic Information System (GIS) used was IDRISI Selva and the software was CartaLinx. This work had the environmental legislation as legal support, specifically, the Federal Law No. 12.651/12, with changes made by Federal Law No. 12.727/12. The land uses in Barra Seca Basin Stream are riparian vagetation, forest, pastures, reforestation, sugar cane, eucalyptus, dam, paved roads, urban areas, sheds and others, leisure, other cultures and cemetery, and the most significant uses refer to sugar cane (1960.29ha) representing 49.81% of total Basin Stream, followed by reforestation (1025.01ha) and pastures (405.63ha). As Areas of Permanent Preservation, it was found that they have not been fully preserved according to the legislation; only 93.57ha (53.90% of total APPs) are preserved. Thus, the study of a particular stream basin becomes an important tool in order to understanding its dynamics in relation to the land use, in addition to recognizing the existing inter-relationships between the various elements and processes that operate at their limit and characterize their environmental problems. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Permanent Preservation Areas, Land Use Mapping, Environmental Legislation, Geographic Information Systems.