Facile electrochemical surface-alloying and etching of Au wires to enable high-performance substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering

Abstract

Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a nondestructive technique for rapid detection of analytes even at the single-molecule level. However, highly sensitive and reliable SERS substrates are mostly fabricated with complex nanofabrication techniques, greatly restricting their practical applications. A convenient electrochemical method for transforming the surface of commercial gold wires/foils into silver-alloyed nanostructures is demonstrated in this report. Au substrates are treated with repetitive anodic and cathodic bias in an electrolyte of thiourea, in a one-pot one-step manner. X-rays absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy confirms that the AuAg alloy is induced at the surface. The unique AuAg alloyed surface nanostructures are particularly advantageous when served as SERS substrates, enabling a remarkably sensitive detection of Rhodamine B (a detection limit of 10⁻¹⁴ ​M, and uniform strong response throughout the substrates at 10⁻¹² ​M).