A Review on Teratogenesis: Current Perspective

Abstract

Teratogenesis is derived from Greek word “Terato” which means monster. Teratogenesis results in the development of morphologically abnormal individuals. These may include conditions like intellectual disabilities that don't have any visible structural deformities. This defect is mainly produced by terat ogens which is genesis of physical and functional defect in human’s embryo and fetus. Teratogens have a variety of effects on embryos, including physical deformities, issues with the child's behavioral or emotional development, and a decreased IQ in the child. Teratogens can also have an impact on pregnancies. Physical agents, metabolic circumstances, infections, and finally, medications and chemicals, are the four groups into which teratogens are divided. A few examples of teratogens are prescription medications like thalidomide, environmental poisons like cadmium, and environmental pollutants like pesticides and endocrine disruptors. Viruses, such as the rubella and Zika viruses, physical constriction of the uterus, and a poor diet are additional causes of teratogenesis. This review will examine the drug's history, the scope and kind of the harm it caused, as well as the drug's mechanisms of action, including recent molecular developments and fresh research.