Diabetes Mellitus and HIV Infection among Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in the North West Region of Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study.

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL International Journal of Clinical Practice Pub Date : 2023-11-24 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1155/2023/5998727

Leonard Fonkeng Sama, Sidoine Sadjeu, Thibau Flaurant Tchouangueu, Solange Dabou, Georges Ful Kuh, Omer Bebe Ngouateu, Michel Noubom

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Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence rate of HIV and diabetes among tuberculosis (TB) patients and also the comorbidity rate.

Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting. This study was carried out at the Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Regional Hospital Bamenda, North West Region of Cameroon, from January 2017 to December 2019. Participants. 1115 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis aged ≥14 years (mean 42.5 ± 15.28 years).

Methods: Sputum samples collected were acid-fast stained and examined macroscopically as well as inoculated for culture. A chest X-ray was performed for further confirmation of TB diagnosis. After the TB diagnosis was done, fasting blood glucose, 2 h-PG test, HbA1c, and biochemical enzymatic tests were performed for the diagnosis of diabetes. Rapid strip test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to diagnose HIV infection. Interventions. No intervention was done during the period of study. Outcome Measures. The prevalence of TB/HIV and TB/HIV/DM, signs and symptoms, imaging results, and bacteriology status among TB/HIV, TB/HIV/DM coinfected, and comorbidity cases.

Results: Of 1115 participants, 38.57% had TB/HIV, and 5.83% had TB/HIV/DM. Among TB/HIV/DM cases, 20.39% had a cough for more than 2 weeks [p < 0.0001; OR (95%CI): 4.866 (3.170-7.404)], and 35.71% had a fever for at least 2 weeks [p < 0.0001; OR (95%CI): 7.824 (5.336-11.36)]. The majority of TB/HIV/DM patients (77.42%) had chest pain for at least 2 weeks [p < 0.0001; OR (95%CI): 114.3 (59.78-207.1)]. 7.41%, 14.18%, and 9.09% of TB/HIV/DM, respectively, had chest abnormality, positive smear, and positive culture (p = 0.018). Significant differences were observed between signs and symptoms, imaging results, bacteriology, treatment history for TB cases and those with HIV and/or DM, and those without HIV and/or DM coinfection and comorbidity.

Conclusion: This study reports a high prevalence of DM comorbidity and HIV coinfection among active TB patients in the North West Region of Cameroon as well as TB/HIV/DM comorbidity.

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喀麦隆西北地区新诊断肺结核患者的糖尿病和HIV感染:一项横断面研究

目的:了解结核病患者艾滋病和糖尿病的患病率及合并症发生率。设计:横断面研究。设置。本研究于2017年1月至2019年12月在喀麦隆西北地区巴门达地区医院结核病参考实验室进行。参与者:年龄≥14岁的肺结核1115例(平均42.5±15.28岁)。方法:痰液标本进行抗酸染色、宏观检查和接种培养。为进一步确认结核诊断，进行了胸部x光检查。诊断结核后，行空腹血糖、2 h-PG、糖化血红蛋白、生化酶检测诊断糖尿病。采用快速试纸法和酶联免疫吸附法诊断HIV感染。干预措施。研究期间未进行干预。结果的措施。TB/HIV、TB/HIV/DM合并感染和合并症病例中TB/HIV和TB/HIV/DM的患病率、体征和症状、影像学结果和细菌学状况。结果:在1115名参与者中，38.57%患有TB/HIV, 5.83%患有TB/HIV/DM。结核/艾滋病/糖尿病患者中，20.39%咳嗽时间超过2周[p < 0.0001];OR (95%CI): 4.866(3.170 ~ 7.404)]， 35.71%患者发热至少2周[p < 0.0001;Or (95%ci): 7.824(5.336-11.36)]。大多数TB/HIV/DM患者(77.42%)至少有2周的胸痛[p < 0.0001;Or (95%ci): 114.3(59.78-207.1)]。7.41%、14.18%和9.09%的TB/HIV/DM患者有胸部异常、涂片阳性和培养阳性(p = 0.018)。观察到结核病例与艾滋病毒和/或糖尿病患者以及无艾滋病毒和/或糖尿病合并感染和合并症患者的体征和症状、影像学结果、细菌学、治疗史之间存在显著差异。结论:本研究报告了喀麦隆西北地区活动性结核病患者中糖尿病合并症和艾滋病合并感染的高患病率以及结核病/艾滋病/糖尿病合并症。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Clinical Practice 医学-医学：内科

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

274

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： IJCP is a general medical journal. IJCP gives special priority to work that has international appeal. IJCP publishes: Editorials. IJCP Editorials are commissioned. [Peer reviewed at the editor''s discretion] Perspectives. Most IJCP Perspectives are commissioned. Example. [Peer reviewed at the editor''s discretion] Study design and interpretation. Example. [Always peer reviewed] Original data from clinical investigations. In particular: Primary research papers from RCTs, observational studies, epidemiological studies; pre-specified sub-analyses; pooled analyses. [Always peer reviewed] Meta-analyses. [Always peer reviewed] Systematic reviews. From October 2009, special priority will be given to systematic reviews. [Always peer reviewed] Non-systematic/narrative reviews. From October 2009, reviews that are not systematic will be considered only if they include a discrete Methods section that must explicitly describe the authors'' approach. Special priority will, however, be given to systematic reviews. [Always peer reviewed] ''How to…'' papers. Example. [Always peer reviewed] Consensus statements. [Always peer reviewed] Short reports. [Always peer reviewed] Letters. [Peer reviewed at the editor''s discretion] International scope IJCP publishes work from investigators globally. Around 30% of IJCP articles list an author from the UK. Around 30% of IJCP articles list an author from the USA or Canada. Around 45% of IJCP articles list an author from a European country that is not the UK. Around 15% of articles published in IJCP list an author from a country in the Asia-Pacific region.