Caves, Karst Features and Speleological Heritage in Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

IF 0.5 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Revista Brasileira de Geomorfologia Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI:10.20502/rbgeomorfologia.v24i4.2402

Raphael Parra, Ricardo Galeno Pereira, Carlos Gleidson Campos Da Purificação

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Abstract

Chapada Diamantina is among the best known and most visited landscapes in Brazil. Located in the state of Bahia, Northeast region of the country, it is characterized by mountains and plateaus that developed on Proterozoic sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks. Much of its territory is covered by carbonate and siliciclastic rocks, where relevant karst systems develop, marked by the occurrence of sinking streams, sinkholes, and caves with a great diversity of morphologies, speleothems, subterranean fauna, and paleontological and archaeological records. Relevant carbonate systems occur in Iraquara, such as the Lapa Doce, Torrinha, and Pratinha caves, which represent important tourist attractions. Also in these rocks, stand out the Brejões Cave, with a 106-m high entrance, and the Toca da Boa Vista, the largest cave in South America, extending across 114 km. Cultural manifestations are present in the prehistoric cave paintings at Santa Marta Shelter and recent religious pilgrimages at Mangabeiras Cave, in Ituaçu. In turn, siliciclastic karst systems are mainly in Serra do Sincorá. The Lapão and Castelo caves have expressive speleogens and speleothems, as well as the Torras Cave, in the Igatu region, ranked as the second largest in Brazil considering siliciclastic rocks.

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巴西巴伊亚州 Chapada Diamantina 的洞穴、喀斯特地貌和岩溶遗产

迪亚曼蒂纳小丘是巴西最著名、游客最多的景观之一。它位于巴西东北部的巴伊亚州，以发育在新生代沉积岩和变质岩上的山脉和高原为特征。其大部分领土被碳酸盐岩和硅质岩覆盖，形成了相关的岩溶系统，其特征是出现了下沉溪流、天坑和洞穴，这些洞穴的形态、岩浆、地下动物以及古生物学和考古学记录都非常丰富。伊拉夸拉有一些相关的碳酸盐系统，如拉帕多斯（Lapa Doce）、托里尼亚（Torrinha）和普拉蒂尼亚（Pratinha）洞穴，它们是重要的旅游景点。在这些岩石中，还有一个入口高达 106 米的布雷约斯洞穴（Brejões Cave）和南美洲最大的洞穴（Toca da Boa Vista，长达 114 公里）。圣玛尔塔庇护所（Santa Marta Shelter）的史前洞穴壁画和伊图阿苏（Ituaçu）曼加贝拉斯洞穴（Mangabeiras Cave）最近的宗教朝圣活动都体现了这里的文化特色。硅质岩溶系统则主要分布在辛科拉山（Serra do Sincorá）。Lapão 和 Castelo 洞穴以及伊瓜图地区的托拉斯洞穴（Torras Cave）拥有丰富的岩浆和岩浆岩，在巴西硅质岩石中排名第二。

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来源期刊

Revista Brasileira de Geomorfologia GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL-

CiteScore

1.30

自引率

40.00%

发文量

审稿时长

16 weeks

期刊介绍： The Revista Brasileira de Geomorfologia are focused on research, analysis and application of knowledge for the development of models of large sets of relief; fluvial dynamics; the processes of aspects, such as erosion and mass movements and their impact; survey, assessment and recovery of degraded areas; surveys and assessments of natural resources; thematic mapping and integrated relief; environmental zoning; among other relevant aspects of the land relief on any scale. From a technical and instrumental basis for the development of these studies, studies that use instruments to the survey, the interpretation and generalization of data on various aspects of the Earth''s surface, including the forms of occupation and use (s) company (s) human (s). As well as the use and integration of methods and techniques that enable geo technical and instrumental character important in scientific production and the definition of public policies.