Effect of aluminum diisobutyl hypophosphate in polyethylene terephthalate and its flame retardant mechanism

IF 3.8 4区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI:10.1002/vnl.22083

Yushu Xiang, Yun Gao, Guomin Xu, Wentao He, Lijuan Long, Shuhao Qin, Jie Yu

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Abstract

Alkyl hypophosphate flame retardants have aroused intense research interests in flame retardancy of polymers owing to the combined effect of gas phase and condensed phase. In this work, aluminum diisobutyl hypophosphate (APBA) was incorporated into polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) to investigate its flame retardant effect and mechanism. PET achieved a V-2 level in UL-94, with a low LOI of 21.2%. In contrast, PET/APBA-15% composites showed a 51% increase of LOI value and a V-0 level, accompanied with the significant reduction of melt droplets. Gas phase analysis by Py-GC/MS and TG-FTIR indicated that the phosphorous free radicals and nonflammable gases were generated during the cracking of APBA, resulting in the radical quenching and dilution of combustible gas. Condensed phase analysis by SEM, Raman, and XPS results revealed that APBA could effectively facilitate the formation of dense char layers consisting of aluminophosphate and graphitic structures due to the interaction with PET matrix. The compact barrier layer could insulate heat and inhibit the volatilization of combustible materials, leading to improved flame retardant properties. Furthermore, the introduction of APBA increased the melt viscosity of PET/APBA composites according to rheological analysis, which further promoted the formation of a char barrier layer to further enhance the flame retardant properties.

Highlights

Aluminum diisobutyl hypophosphate is used as an efficient flame retardant for PET.
The flame retardant can degrade to release the phosphorous free radicals.
The flame retardant can interact with the PET matrix and promote the charring.

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聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯中二异丁基次磷酸铝的影响及其阻燃机理

由于气相和凝聚相的共同作用，烷基次磷酸酯阻燃剂在聚合物阻燃领域引起了广泛的研究兴趣。本研究将次磷酸二异丁酯铝（APBA）加入到聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）中，研究其阻燃效果和机理。PET 在 UL-94 中达到了 V-2 级，LOI 低至 21.2%。相比之下，PET/APBA-15% 复合材料的 LOI 值提高了 51%，达到了 V-0 级，同时熔滴显著减少。通过 Py-GC/MS 和 TG-FTIR 进行的气相分析表明，在 APBA 裂解过程中产生了磷自由基和不可燃气体，导致自由基淬灭和可燃气体稀释。通过扫描电镜、拉曼和 XPS 进行的凝结相分析结果表明，由于与 PET 基质的相互作用，APBA 能有效促进由磷酸铝和石墨结构组成的致密炭层的形成。致密的阻隔层可以隔热并抑制可燃物质的挥发，从而提高阻燃性能。此外，根据流变学分析，APBA 的引入增加了 PET/APBA 复合材料的熔体粘度，进一步促进了炭阻挡层的形成，从而进一步提高了阻燃性能。

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来源期刊

Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology 工程技术-材料科学：纺织

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

14.80%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology is a peer-reviewed technical publication for new work in the fields of polymer modifiers and additives, vinyl polymers and selected review papers. Over half of all papers in JVAT are based on technology of additives and modifiers for all classes of polymers: thermoset polymers and both condensation and addition thermoplastics. Papers on vinyl technology include PVC additives.