Effect of Meteorological and Hydrological Factors on the Electrical Resistivity of the Upper Layers of the Earth’s Crust: Correlation Analysis of Seasonal and Residual Components of the Time Series

IF 0.9 4区 地球科学 Q4 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI:10.1134/s0001433823070010
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Abstract

This article continues a series of publications by the authors with the results of studying the variations in electrical resistivity in four layers of the geoelectric section. Precision soundings using the VES method have been carried out on a stationary multielectrode array with a maximum spacing of the supply electrodes of 3 km in the central part of the Garm geophysical test site in Tajikistan daily for 12 years. As a result of observations, a profile containing about 4500 pickets was obtained. Unlike conventional soundings, each picket of this profile corresponds not to a geographic point, but to a certain point in time. For the inversion of the time profile, specially developed precision algorithms with additional regularization of the inverse problem are used. The solution error is controlled by numerical simulation methods, during which the direct and then the inverse VES problem is solved first for profiles simulating the experimental profile, and the actual solution errors are estimated. Analysis has shown that the error in calculating the seasonal component of resistivity variations in layers 1–4 is 1–2%, and the error for flicker noise is from 1.3 to 3%. In this case, the total amplitude of seasonal variations in resistivity in the upper layer is more than 50%, and in the second layer it is 5.5%; the amplitude of variations in flicker-noise components for the same layers is estimated as 54 and 24%, respectively. In this paper we analyze the effect of external (exogenous) factors on resistivity variations at different depths. The fact of a significant effect of the groundwater level and soil temperature on the resistivity of the upper layer of the section with a thickness of 1.5 m has been established. For temperature, the coefficient of proportionality averaged over the entire layer is –0.58 ± 0.12%/deg, for the groundwater level, it is –0.8%/cm. For the second layer of the section (depth 1.5–10.2 m), an exact coincidence of the form of the seasonal variation of resistivity and atmospheric pressure is found. This coincidence is not accidental, since both atmospheric pressure and resistivity in layer 2 are characterized by an anomalous form of seasonal variation with two maxima and two minima during the year, which is completely atypical for seasonal changes in resistivity. At the same time, for relatively higher frequency (HF) variations (periods from several days to several weeks), there is no correlation effect. The authors attribute the possible reason for the observed effect to pressure regulation of competitive sources of groundwater inflow into the aquifer confined to the second layer of the section. It is assumed that the salinity and conductivity of water in competing sources differ sharply, which is quite plausible from geological considerations. Changes in atmospheric pressure change the inflow of water from these two sources, which leads to a change in the conductivity of the layer. The inertia of water exchange processes determines the absence of dependence of resistivity on atmospheric pressure at relatively high frequencies and the presence of such a relationship for variations with a characteristic duration of more than a month.

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气象和水文因素对地壳上层电阻率的影响:时间序列的季节成分和残余成分的相关性分析
摘要 本文是作者系列出版物的续篇,介绍了对地质电段四层电阻率变化的研究结果。在塔吉克斯坦 Garm 地球物理试验场的中心地带,使用 VES 方法对固定多电极阵列进行了精确测量,供应电极的最大间距为 3 千米,已持续 12 年。经过观测,获得了包含约 4500 个探针的剖面图。与传统的测深不同,该剖面上的每一个测点对应的不是一个地理点,而是某个时间点。为了反演时间剖面,使用了专门开发的精确算法,并对反演问题进行了额外的正则化处理。求解误差由数值模拟方法控制,在模拟过程中,首先求解模拟实验剖面的直接 VES 问题,然后求解反 VES 问题,并估算实际求解误差。分析表明,计算 1-4 层电阻率变化的季节分量的误差为 1%-2%,闪烁噪声的误差为 1.3%-3%。在这种情况下,上层电阻率季节变化的总振幅超过 50%,第二层为 5.5%;同一层闪变噪声分量变化的振幅估计分别为 54%和 24%。本文分析了外部(外源)因素对不同深度电阻率变化的影响。地下水位和土壤温度对厚度为 1.5 米的断面上层的电阻率有显著影响,这一事实已经得到证实。就温度而言,全层的平均比例系数为 -0.58 ± 0.12%/度,就地下水位而言,比例系数为 -0.8%/厘米。在该断面的第二层(深度 1.5-10.2 米),电阻率的季节变化形式与大气压力的季节变化形式完全吻合。这种巧合并非偶然,因为第 2 层的大气压力和电阻率都具有反常的季节变化形式,全年有两个最大值和两个最小值,这在电阻率的季节变化中是完全不典型的。同时,对于相对较高频率(HF)的变化(周期从几天到几周不等),则没有相关效应。作者将观测到的效应的可能原因归结为,地下水流入含水层的竞争性水源的压力调节限制在该断面的第二层。假定竞争水源中水的盐度和电导率相差很大,这从地质学角度来看是非常合理的。大气压力的变化会改变这两种水源的流入量,从而导致该层电导率的变化。水交换过程的惯性决定了在相对较高的频率下,电阻率与大气压力之间不存在依赖关系,而在特征持续时间超过一个月的变化中,电阻率与大气压力之间存在这种关系。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
28.60%
发文量
56
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics is a journal that publishes original scientific research and review articles on vital issues in the physics of the Earth’s atmosphere and hydrosphere and climate theory. The journal presents results of recent studies of physical processes in the atmosphere and ocean that control climate, weather, and their changes. These studies have possible practical applications. The journal also gives room to the discussion of results obtained in theoretical and experimental studies in various fields of oceanic and atmospheric physics, such as the dynamics of gas and water media, interaction of the atmosphere with the ocean and land surfaces, turbulence theory, heat balance and radiation processes, remote sensing and optics of both media, natural and man-induced climate changes, and the state of the atmosphere and ocean. The journal publishes papers on research techniques used in both media, current scientific information on domestic and foreign events in the physics of the atmosphere and ocean.
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