Evading Law Enforcement in the Americas: Latin American women in organized crime

IF 2 3区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Trends in Organized Crime Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI:10.1007/s12117-023-09523-z

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Abstract

This article presents the preliminary results of a qualitative exploratory study conducted between 2021 and 2023. This study was based on in-depth interviews with law enforcement agents and experts in gender and security, and document analysis. Using examples from Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, we aimed to analyze how stereotypes can shape gender bias, particularly regarding how women in middle and high-ranking positions in organized crime in the Americas outmaneuver law enforcement. We argue that women stereotypes, and gender bias may influence the capability of law enforcement agencies to prosecute and condemn Latin American women in middle and high-ranking positions in criminal organizations. Gender bias favors women, particularly in their perpetrators’ role, and has become a source of power, showing that Latin American women have agency, and act strategically within criminal organizations, since they are potentially less suspicious in the eyes of law enforcement agencies. This research contributes to shedding light on the currently existing blind spot on the role of Latin American women in organized crime in the Americas, and has policy implications. It is useful in fostering the implementation of state policies capable of including non-stereotypical women's role in organized crime.

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在美洲逃避执法：拉丁美洲妇女参与有组织犯罪

摘要本文介绍了 2021 年至 2023 年期间开展的一项定性探索性研究的初步结果。这项研究基于对执法人员和性别与安全专家的深入访谈以及文件分析。通过巴西、哥伦比亚和墨西哥的实例，我们旨在分析陈规定型观念是如何形成性别偏见的，尤其是在美洲有组织犯罪中担任中高级职务的女性是如何规避执法的。我们认为，女性刻板印象和性别偏见可能会影响执法机构起诉和谴责拉美犯罪组织中担任中高级职务的女性的能力。性别偏见有利于妇女，特别是在她们的犯罪者角色中，并已成为一种权力来源，这表明拉美妇女在犯罪组织中具有能动性，并采取战略性行动，因为在执法机构眼中，她们的潜在嫌疑较小。这项研究有助于揭示目前存在的拉丁美洲妇女在美洲有组织犯罪中作用的盲点，并具有政策影响。它有助于促进国家政策的实施，使其能够纳入妇女在有组织犯罪中的非陈规定型角色。

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来源期刊

Trends in Organized Crime CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

11.80%

发文量

期刊介绍： Trends in Organized Crime offers a composite of analyses and syntheses from a variety of information sources to serve the interests of both practitioners and policy makers, as well as the academic community. It is both a stimulus to and a forum for more rigorous empirical research on organized crime. Trends in Organized Crime publishes peer-reviewed, original research articles and excerpts from significant governmental reports. It also offers reviews of major new books and presents analyses and commentary on current issues in organized crime. Trends in Organized Crime is published in association with the International Association for the Study of Organized Crime (IASOC). For more information on IASOC please visit http://www.iasoc.net/