Use of Systemic Mycophenolate Mofetil Therapy in Ocular Surface Inflammatory Pathologies at the Initiative and Responsibility of the Ophthalmologist.

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of systemic mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) treatment in ocular surface inflammatory diseases.

Methods: For this retrospective study, patients who were treated with systemic MMF for ocular surface inflammatory diseases between March 2020 and March 2022 were evaluated. Apart from demographic data, examination notes including MMF treatment indication and systemic side effect interrogation and routine laboratory examinations during drug treatment were extracted from the patient records. Detailed staging scores were performed according to the diagnosis including Foster and Mondino for ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) and limbal stem cell deficiency scoring for limbal transplantation. For thorough evaluation, anterior segment pictures were used.

Results: Fourteen patients were enrolled to the study, with a mean age of 58 ± 12. MMP (6, 42.8%) and limbal allograft transplantation (6, 42.8%) constituted the main indications for the MMF treatment, followed by keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome (1, 7.2%) and Mooren's ulcer (1, 7.2%). Five of six patients with MMP regressed according to both staging systems. Only one remained stable which was evaluated as Stage 3. Furthermore, while all limbal transplant groups (6) stabilized and showed regression according to the individualized limbal stem cell deficiency staging system with no rejection during follow-up. Furthermore, patients with Mooren's ulcer and KID syndrome showed control of the inflammation and stabilization after MMF treatment. No significant systemic side effects apart from constipation and nausea (3) were observed in patients whose routine laboratory tests were stable throughout the follow-up.

Conclusion: MMF has the potential to be a valuable and safe systemic agent of first choice in the control of ocular surface inflammatory disorders, especially when topical treatment is not effective. With such studies, it is predicted that MMF may reach wider usage areas with the increase in its effectiveness and safety in its use for ocular surface inflammatory pathologies.