Hubungan Kekerabatan Padi Lokal di Kecamatan Teluk Batang Kabupaten Kayong Utara, Kalimantan Barat Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi

Abstract

AbstrakOryza sativa memiliki banyak varietas yang merupakan sumber gen untuk mengendalikan sifat-sifat penting pada padi. Varietas padi lokal memiliki keunggulan seperti tahan terhadap  hawar daun bakteri, blas daun, dan kekeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan varietas padi lokal di Kecamatan Teluk Batang Kabupaten Kayong Utara berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April hingga September 2022 di lahan petani. Pengamatan terhadap 50 karakter morfologi batang, daun, malai, dan gabah/biji dilakukan selama pertumbuhan tanaman di lahan petani. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 12 varietas padi lokal yang semuanya merupakan padi Gogo/Ladang. Karakter vegetatif sebanyak 23 karakter yang terdiri dari 9 karakter bervariasi, 8 karakter tidak bervariasi, dan 6 karakter kuantitatif. Karakter generatif terdiri dari 27 karakter meliputi 14 karakter bervariasi, 5 karakter tidak bervariasi, dan 8 karakter kuantitatif. Berdasarkan analisis pengelompokan 12 varietas padi lokal memiliki tingkat kemiripan sebesar 60% dan terbagi menjadi 4 klaster pada tingkat kemiripan 64%. Klaster 1 terdiri dari varietas Padi Hitam (PH); klaster 2 yaitu Padi Merah (PM), Padi Serendah (PSE), Padi Lele (PL), Padi Rapi (PR), Raja Lele (RJ), dan Pulut Merah (PUM); klaster 3 yaitu padi Panda (PP), Umbang Wangi (UW), dan Umbang Ketupat (UK): klaster 4 yaitu Pulut Siam (PS) dan Pulut Minyak (PMI).Kata Kunci: Karakter morfologi; Kekerabatan; Padi lokal; Teluk BatangAbstractOryza sativa has many varieties which are sources of genes for controlling important traits in rice. Local rice varieties have advantages such as resistance to bacterial leaf blight, leaf blast and drought. This research aims to determine the relationship between local rice varieties in Teluk Batang District, North Kayong Regency based on morphological characters. The research was conducted from April to September 2022 on farmers' land. Observations of 50 morphological characters of stems, leaves, panicles and grain/seeds were carried out during plant growth on farmers' land. The research results obtained 12 local rice varieties, all of which are upland/field rice. There are 23 vegetative characters consisting of 9 varied characters, 8 unvaried characters and 6 quantitative characters. Generative characters consist of 27 characters including 14 varying characters, 5 non-varying characters, and 8 quantitative characters. Based on the grouping analysis, 12 local rice varieties have a similarity level of 60% and are divided into 4 clusters at a similarity level of 64%. Cluster 1 consists of Black rice varieties (PH), cluster 2 is Red rice (PM), Sedunia rice (PSE), Lele rice (PL), Rapi rice (PR), Raja lele (RJ), and Red pulut (PUM) , cluster 3 namely Panda rice (PP), Umbang wangi (UW), and Umbang ketupat (UK), cluster 4 namely Pulut siam (PS) and Pulut oli (PMI).