Exploring the potential of Brazilian Amazonian scorpion venoms: A comprehensive review of research from 2001 to 2021

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY Toxicon: X Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI:10.1016/j.toxcx.2023.100182
Joel Ramanan da Cruz , Philippe Bulet , Cléria Mendonça de Moraes PhD
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Abstract

The Amazon biome is home to many scorpion species, with around two hundred identified in the region. Of these, forty-eight species have been reported in Brazil so far and six of them are of medical importance: Tityus apiacas, T. metuendus, T. obscurus, T. raquelae, T. silvestris, and T. strandi. Three non-medically important species have also been studied: Opisthanthus cayaporum, Brotheas amazonicus and Rhopalurus laticauda. The venom of the scorpion T. obscurus is the most studied, followed by O. cayaporum. We aim to update the study of these Amazonian scorpion species. We will explore the harmful and beneficial properties of scorpion venom toxins and how they could be applied in drug development. This systematic review will focus on collecting and analyzing venoms from scorpions in Brazil. Only papers on Amazonian scorpion venom studies published between 2001 and 2021 (scientific articles, theses, and dissertations) were selected, based on the lists of scorpions available in the literature. Species found in the Amazon but not confirmed to be Brazilian were omitted from the review. Theses and dissertations were chosen over their derived articles. We found 42 eligible studies (13 theses, 27 articles and 2 patents) out of 17,950 studies and a basic statistical analysis was performed. The literature showed that T. obscurus was the most studied venom with 28 publications, followed by O. cayaporum with seven articles, B. amazonicus with four articles, T. metuendus with two article and R. laticauda with one article. No publication on the characterization of T. silvestris and T. apiacas venoms were found during the reviewed period, only the clinical aspects were covered. There is still much to be explored despite the increasing number of studies conducted in recent years. Amazonian scorpions have promising potential for pharmaceutical and clinical applications.

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探索巴西亚马逊蝎毒的潜力:2001 年至 2021 年研究综述
亚马逊生物群落是许多蝎子物种的家园,该地区已发现约 200 种蝎子。迄今为止,巴西已报告了其中的 48 个物种,其中 6 个物种具有重要的医学价值:Tityus apiacas、T. metuendus、T. obscurus、T. raquelae、T. silvestris 和 T. strandi。还研究了三个非药用物种:Opisthanthus cayaporum、Brotheas amazonicus 和 Rhopalurus laticauda。对蝎子 T. obscurus 的毒液研究最多,其次是 O. cayaporum。我们旨在更新对这些亚马逊蝎子物种的研究。我们将探讨蝎毒毒素的有害和有益特性,以及如何将其应用于药物开发。本系统综述将重点关注巴西蝎子毒液的收集和分析。根据文献中的蝎子清单,仅选取 2001 年至 2021 年间发表的有关亚马逊蝎毒研究的论文(科学文章、论文和学位论文)。在亚马逊发现但未确认为巴西蝎子的物种未列入审查范围。论文和学位论文被选中,而不是其衍生文章。我们从 17950 项研究中找到了 42 项符合条件的研究(13 篇论文、27 篇文章和 2 项专利),并进行了基本的统计分析。文献显示,T. obscurus是研究最多的毒液,共发表了28篇文章,其次是O. cayaporum,共发表了7篇文章,B. amazonicus,共发表了4篇文章,T. metuendus,共发表了2篇文章,R. laticauda,共发表了1篇文章。在审查期间,没有发现关于 T. silvestris 和 T. apiacas 毒液特征的出版物,只涉及临床方面。尽管近年来进行了越来越多的研究,但仍有许多问题有待探索。亚马逊蝎子在制药和临床应用方面具有很大的潜力。
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来源期刊
Toxicon: X
Toxicon: X Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Toxicology
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
33
审稿时长
14 weeks
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