Declarative tactical knowledge from 12 to 22 years old in a professional football club: Real Sociedad

Rubén Sánchez-López, I. Echeazarra, Jon Mikel Arrieta, J. Castellano
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Abstract

This work aimed to measure and compare the declarative tactical knowledge (DTK) of the total number of academy players (n = 163; 16.75 ± 2.42 years) from the seven teams that make up the men's section of a Spanish professional football club. The ‘TESTACTICO for F7’ tool was used to access the DTK of the participants in May 2022 (last part of the season), analysing the results obtained according to the age category (U14, U16, U19 and U23), and ensuring an adequate sample strength ( f = 0.26) via G*Power. The analysis of variancewas used, through Tukey's HSD contrast test for post hoc multiple comparisons, evaluating the magnitude of the differences found by pairs of age categories through Cohen's d effect size. The macro-level comparisons between age categories evidenced differences ( p ≤ .017) with different effect sizes (2.17 <  d > 0.55) in global, offensive and defensive scores, revealing two homogeneous groups: U14 + U16 and U19 + U23. In addition, the offensive score was higher than the defensive score in all age categories. At the meso-level, differences were found ( p ≤ .008) with different effect sizes (1.24 <  d > 0.22) in 12 variables. At the micro-level, offensive behaviours outside of the game centre linked to depth, width and positioning, as well as defensive situations in which a tackle must be made are not declaratively dominated in any age category. It is concluded that, in a specific performance-oriented context, although the overall DTK scores are influenced by the age, different changes between age categories were verified.
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职业足球俱乐部 12 至 22 岁球员的战术知识:皇家社会
这项研究旨在测量和比较来自西班牙一家职业足球俱乐部男子组七支球队的所有学院球员(n = 163;16.75 ± 2.42 岁)的陈述性战术知识(DTK)。使用 "TESTACTICO for F7 "工具获取了 2022 年 5 月(赛季最后阶段)参与者的 DTK,并根据年龄类别(U14、U16、U19 和 U23)对所获结果进行了分析,同时通过 G*Power 确保了足够的样本强度(f = 0.26)。通过 Tukey's HSD 对比检验进行事后多重比较,采用方差分析,通过 Cohen's d 效应量评估各年龄组之间的差异大小。不同年龄组之间的宏观比较表明,在总体得分、进攻得分和防守得分方面存在着不同的效应大小(2.17 0.55)的差异(p ≤ .017),显示出两个同质组:U14 + U16 和 U19 + U23。此外,在所有年龄组中,进攻得分均高于防守得分。在中观层面,12 个变量的效应大小不同(1.24 0.22),存在差异(p ≤ .008)。在微观层面上,比赛中心以外与纵深、宽度和定位有关的进攻行为,以及必须进行擒抱的防守情况,在任何年龄组中都没有明显的优势。结论是,在以成绩为导向的特定背景下,尽管 DTK 的总分受年龄影响,但不同年龄段之间的变化是可以验证的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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