The antimicrobial activity of nanochitosan and nano-CaCO3 against some bacteria

Abstract

Background: The growing threat of infections and drug-resistant microorganisms is a crucial challenge; hence, finding novel antimicrobial medicines is urgently needed. Nanotechnology has garnered interest in many disciplines, especially for therapeutic applications. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) and calcium carbonate nanoparticle (CaCO3-NP) are recognized as antimicrobial agents because of their antimicrobial features and minimal risk of toxicity to humans. Objectives: The goal of this investigation was to detect the antibacterial efficacy of CS-NPs and CaCO3-NP at various concentrations toward different bacteria. Materials and Methods: This investigation collected a total of 128 different clinical specimens. Every bacterial isolate was examined using the cultural, microscopic, and biochemical procedures. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by using disk diffusion methods. The antibacterial activity of different CS-NP and CaCO3-NP concentrations (20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/L) was estimated on medical bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, and by well diffusion method. Results: A total of 80 bacterial isolates were collected from various clinical samples. The majority of isolates were P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, and K. pneumoniae. Most isolates exhibited resistance against tested antibiotics, in which P. aeruginosa exhibited relatively elevated resistance to mainly used antibiotics. Nanoparticle compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity at different concentrations against all bacteria, and it is affected in different degrees. As nanoparticle concentrations increase, antibacterial activity increase as well. Conclusions: CS-NPs and CaCO3-NP showed promising antimicrobial activity against medically relevant microorganisms. It is indicated as an option the manufacturing of antimicrobial medications utilized in medicine.