A review of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) sexual behavior and reproductive physiology leading to conception

Abstract

This review summarizes the available literature on the knowledge of reproduction in white whales or belugas (Delphinapterus leucas). We discuss reproductive anatomy, physiology, endocrinology, and behavior prior to conception. Following a description of these basic reproductive parameters for each sex, the review describes the mating system of belugas as it is currently understood and summarizes the ontogeny of reproductive behavior and its relationship with hormones. Finally, we highlight gaps that currently exist in our functional understanding of reproductive behavior in belugas. Future research emphasizes the need to understand mate choice in belugas and how it manifests across the lifespan and potentially settings. Specifically, does the quality of belugas’ display behaviors influence reproductive success? Managing wild populations of belugas and caring for belugas in human care both benefit from the knowledge that can be gained from the research topics discussed in this review.