Exploring the Potential of Rare Earth Doped Carbon Dots: Concepts and Applications

IF 5.5 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Chemical Engineering Journal Advances Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI:10.1016/j.ceja.2024.100583
Juliana De Gregori da Rocha, Maria Alice Prado Cechinel, Larissa Fátima Rocha, Humberto Gracher Riella, Natan Padoin, Cíntia Soares
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Abstract

Carbon dots (CDs) are nanostructures containing mainly carbon atoms and abundant functional groups. With remarkable and adjustable physicochemical properties, CDs have excellent hydrophilicity, photoluminescence (PL), biocompatibility, and low toxicity. Although the numerous advantages make CDs a research target for synthesizing advanced materials, some limitations are pertinent and must be corrected. Rare earth elements (RE) are excellent candidates for doping CDs, obtaining hybrid materials called RE-CDs to optimize luminescence properties, applicability, and quantum yields. Hybrids allow the combination of the advantageous characteristics of both CDs and RE, drastically improving their luminous and magneto-optical imaging performance and opening the door to numerous practical and technological applications. To date, no studies in the literature have provided in-depth analyses of the methods used to prepare RE-CDs, the characterization techniques used, the challenges, and a critical analysis of what could be improved in the synthesis by proposing practical solutions. To fill this gap, this review initially presents a detailed survey of CDs and RE separately. Subsequently, RE-CDs hybrid materials are addressed, as well as their obtainment, commonly used characterizations, and recent applications, from analyte detection to their functionality in medical nanodevices. Finally, criticisms and suggestions for future work are also discussed to inspire new research and discoveries about the technological potential of hybrid materials derived from the doping of RE-CDs.

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探索掺稀土碳点的潜力:概念与应用
碳点(CD)是一种主要含有碳原子和丰富官能团的纳米结构。碳点具有显著的可调理化特性,具有良好的亲水性、光致发光性(PL)、生物相容性和低毒性。虽然 CD 具有众多优点,是合成先进材料的研究目标,但也存在一些局限性,必须加以纠正。稀土元素(RE)是掺杂 CD 的绝佳候选元素,可获得称为 RE-CD 的混合材料,从而优化发光特性、适用性和量子产率。杂化材料结合了光盘和稀土元素的优势特性,大大提高了发光和磁光成像性能,为众多实际应用和技术应用打开了大门。迄今为止,还没有任何文献对制备 RE-CDs 的方法、所用表征技术、面临的挑战进行深入分析,并通过提出实用的解决方案对合成中可改进之处进行批判性分析。为了填补这一空白,本综述首先对 CD 和 RE 分别进行了详细的调查。随后,论述了 RE-CDs 混合材料,以及它们的获得、常用表征方法和最新应用,从分析物检测到它们在医疗纳米设备中的功能。最后,还讨论了对未来工作的批评和建议,以激发对掺杂 RE-CDs 衍生的混合材料技术潜力的新研究和新发现。
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来源期刊
Chemical Engineering Journal Advances
Chemical Engineering Journal Advances Engineering-Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
213
审稿时长
26 days
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