Atoms Dressed by Virtual and Real Photons

Physics Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI:10.3390/physics6010005
Maria Allegrini, E. Arimondo
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Abstract

Specific properties of quantum field theory are described by considering the combination of the system under investigation and the cloud of virtual or real particles associated with the field. Such a structure is called a “dressed system”, in contrast with the bare one in the absence of the interaction with the field. The description of the properties of such clouds in various physical situations is, today, an active research area. Here, we present the main features associated with virtual and real dressings, focusing on photon dressing. In analogy to virtual photon clouds dressing electrons in vacuum, virtual phonon clouds appear in solid-state physics. The interaction between real photons and the schematized two-level structure of an atom paves the way to flexible quantum control. Here, a unifying Floquet engineering approach is applied to describe single- and multiple-dressed atom configurations. Connections with the past and present atomic physics experiments are presented.
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由虚拟和真实光子装扮的原子
量子场论的具体特性是通过考虑所研究的系统与与场相关的虚拟或真实粒子云的组合来描述的。这种结构被称为 "穿戴系统",与没有与场相互作用的裸系统形成对比。描述这种云在各种物理情况下的特性是当今一个活跃的研究领域。在此,我们将介绍与虚拟和真实敷料相关的主要特征,重点是光子敷料。与虚拟光子云修饰真空中的电子类似,虚拟声子云也出现在固态物理学中。真实光子与原子图解两级结构之间的相互作用为灵活的量子控制铺平了道路。在这里,统一的弗洛克工程学方法被应用于描述单个和多个修饰原子构型。介绍了与过去和现在原子物理实验的联系。
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