DKK-1 in psoriatic arthritis: Correlation with disease activity and enthesopathy

Abstract

Background

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a complex inflammatory disease with varied clinical characteristics. A pathognomonic characteristic of PsA is enthesitis. Entheseal inflammation ultimately leads to the production of new bone (enthesophytes). Dickkopf-related protein-1 (DKK-1) is a wingless (Wnt) inhibitor that inhibits osteoblast function.

Objectives

Assessment of the serum level of DKK-1 and its association with disease activity and enthesopathy in PsA patients.

Methods

This observational case–control study included 50 PsA patients and 50 healthy volunteers matched for age and gender. All participants were subjected to full medical history, clinical assessment, PSA activity using Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) score, the severity and extent of psoriasis were determined by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Ultrasonographic assessment of the entheses was done in accordance with the Madrid Sonographic Enthesitis Index (MASEI). Serum level of DKK-1 and correlation with disease activity and enthesopathy in PsA patients were assessed.

Results

There was no significant difference between patients and controls regarding age and sex. The mean value of SPARCC index, DAPSA score and PASI score were 6.74 ± 4.58, 33.24 ± 15.26, and 8.35 ± 10.93, respectively. There was significant difference between patients and controls regarding the serum levels of DKK-1 and MASEI score (p < 0.0001). There was a significant positive correlation between serum DKK-1 and MASEI (r: 0.43527, p: 0.00158), MASEI inflammatory (r: 0.37958, p: 0.00655), and MASEI damage (r: 0.38384, p: 0.00593).

Conclusions

Serum DKK-1 levels were elevated in PsA patients and were found to be correlated with MASEI score for enthesopathy.