Trends in the Incidence of Disseminated Cryptococcosis in Japan: A Nationwide Observational Study, 2015-2021.

IF 3.6 3区生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY Mycopathologia Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI:10.1007/s11046-023-00814-1

Hidemasa Akazawa, Hideharu Hagiya, Toshihiro Koyama, Fumio Otsuka

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Abstract

Background: Cryptococcus species can cause severe disseminated infections in immunocompromised hosts. This study investigated the epidemiological features and trends in disseminated cryptococcosis in Japan.

Methods: We used publicly available Infectious Diseases Weekly Reports to obtain data on the incidence of disseminated cryptococcosis in Japan from 2015 to 2021. Patient information, including age, sex, and regional and seasonal data, were extracted. The Joinpoint regression program was used to determine the age-adjusted incidence rate (AAR) per 100,000 population, annual percentage change (APC), and average APC (AAPC).

Results: A total of 1047 cases of disseminated cryptococcosis were reported, of which those aged ≥ 70 years accounted for 68.8%. The AAR in men was significantly higher than that in women (median: 0.13 vs. 0.09: p = 0.0024). APC for the overall cases increased by 9.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] - 5.4-27.7) from 2015 to 2018 and then decreased by 3.3% (95% CI - 15.5-10.7) from 2018 to 2021. AAPC for the entire study period was 3.1% (95% CI - 1.5-8.0), indicating a possible increase in its number, although not statistically significant. In terms of regional distribution, the average AAR was highest in Shikoku District (0.17) and lowest in Hokkaido District (0.04). Northern Japan exhibited a significantly lower median AAR (median [interquartile range]: 0.06 [0.05, 0.08]) than the Eastern (0.12 [0.12, 0.13]), Western (0.11 [0.10, 0.13]), and Southern (0.14 [0.12, 0.15]) regions. No seasonal variation in incidence was observed.

Conclusion: The prevalence of disseminated cryptococcosis has not increased in Japan. Geographically, the incidence is lower in Northern Japan. Further investigations that incorporate detailed clinical data are required.

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日本播散性隐球菌病的发病趋势：2015-2021 年全国观察研究》。

背景：隐球菌可在免疫力低下的宿主中引起严重的播散性感染。本研究调查了日本播散性隐球菌病的流行病学特征和趋势：我们利用公开的《传染病周报》获取了 2015 年至 2021 年日本播散性隐球菌病的发病率数据。我们提取了患者信息，包括年龄、性别、地区和季节数据。使用Joinpoint回归程序确定了每10万人的年龄调整发病率（AAR）、年百分比变化（APC）和平均APC（AAPC）：结果：共报告了 1047 例播散性隐球菌病，其中年龄≥ 70 岁的患者占 68.8%。男性的 AAR 明显高于女性（中位数：0.13 对 0.09：P = 0.0024）。总体病例的 APC 从 2015 年到 2018 年增加了 9.9%（95% 置信区间 [95% CI] - 5.4-27.7），然后从 2018 年到 2021 年减少了 3.3%（95% CI - 15.5-10.7）。整个研究期间的 AAPC 为 3.1%（95% CI - 1.5-8.0），表明其数量可能有所增加，但无统计学意义。从地区分布来看，四国地区的平均 AAR 最高（0.17），北海道地区最低（0.04）。日本北部地区的 AAR 中位数（中位数[四分位数间距]：0.06 [0.05, 0.08]）明显低于东部地区（0.12 [0.12, 0.13]）、西部地区（0.11 [0.10, 0.13]）和南部地区（0.14 [0.12, 0.15]）。发病率没有季节性变化：结论：日本的播散性隐球菌病发病率并未增加。从地域上看，日本北部的发病率较低。需要结合详细的临床数据进行进一步调查。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Mycopathologia 生物-真菌学

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

3.60%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Mycopathologia is an official journal of the International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS). Mycopathologia was founded in 1938 with the mission to ‘diffuse the understanding of fungal diseases in man and animals among mycologists’. Many of the milestones discoveries in the field of medical mycology have been communicated through the pages of this journal. Mycopathologia covers a diverse, interdisciplinary range of topics that is unique in breadth and depth. The journal publishes peer-reviewed, original articles highlighting important developments concerning medically important fungi and fungal diseases. The journal highlights important developments in fungal systematics and taxonomy, laboratory diagnosis of fungal infections, antifungal drugs, clinical presentation and treatment, and epidemiology of fungal diseases globally. Timely opinion articles, mini-reviews, and other communications are usually invited at the discretion of the editorial board. Unique case reports highlighting unprecedented progress in the diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections, are published in every issue of the journal. MycopathologiaIMAGE is another regular feature for a brief clinical report of potential interest to a mixed audience of physicians and laboratory scientists. MycopathologiaGENOME is designed for the rapid publication of new genomes of human and animal pathogenic fungi using a checklist-based, standardized format.