Neural specificity for semantic and syntactic processing in Spanish-English bilingual children

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI:10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105380

Neelima Wagley , Xiaosu Hu , Teresa Satterfield , Lisa M. Bedore , James R. Booth , Ioulia Kovelman

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Abstract

Brain development for language processing is associated with neural specialization of left perisylvian pathways, but this has not been investigated in young bilinguals. We examined specificity for syntax and semantics in early exposed Spanish-English speaking children (N = 65, ages 7–11) using an auditory sentence judgement task in English, their dominant language of use. During functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the morphosyntax task elicited activation in left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the semantic task elicited activation in left posterior middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Task comparisons revealed specialization in left superior temporal (STG) for morphosyntax and left MTG and angular gyrus for semantics. Although skills in neither language were uniquely related to specialization, skills in both languages were related to engagement of the left MTG for semantics and left IFG for syntax. These results are consistent with models suggesting a positive cross-linguistic interaction in those with higher language proficiency.

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西班牙语-英语双语儿童语义和句法处理的神经特异性

语言处理的大脑发育与左侧外周通路的神经特化有关，但这一点尚未在年幼的双语儿童身上得到研究。我们使用英语（他们使用的主要语言）听觉句子判断任务，对早期暴露的西班牙语-英语儿童（N = 65，7-11 岁）的句法和语义特异性进行了研究。在功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）检查中，语法任务引起了左侧额叶下回（IFG）的激活，而语义任务则引起了左侧颞中回后部（MTG）的激活。任务比较显示，左侧颞上回（STG）对语法有特化作用，而左侧 MTG 和角回对语义有特化作用。虽然两种语言的技能都与特化无关，但两种语言的技能都与左侧 MTG 的语义参与和左侧 IFG 的句法参与有关。这些结果与那些语言水平较高的人在跨语言方面的积极互动模型相一致。

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