The retromandibular loop of the external carotid artery

IF 2 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI:10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152226

Cătălin Constantin Dumitru , Alexandra Diana Vrapciu , Adelina Maria Jianu , Sorin Hostiuc , Mugurel Constantin Rusu

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Abstract

Background

The external carotid artery (ECA) is a major artery of the head and neck. Although numerous studies describe the variability of ECA branches, the course variation of the ECA was seemingly overlooked. It was aimed to study the morphological possibilities of the retromandibular segment of the ECA.

Method

A retrospective study was performed on 60 computed tomography angiograms of 26 male and 31 female adult patients. Three types of retromandibular ECA were defined: type 1 – the ECA has a straight course deep to the anatomical plane of the ramus of the mandible; type 2 – the ECA makes a retromandibular loop directed laterally, extending externally to the anatomical plane of the ramus of the mandible; and type 3 – the retromandibular loop directed laterally reaches just behind the posterior margin of the ramus of the mandible.

Results

Type 1 was found in just 43.33%, type 2 in 18.33%, and type 3 in 38.33% of 120 sides cases. On the right, type 1 was significantly associated with the male gender, and type 3 with the female gender (Pearson Chi2=10.9, p=0.004). On the left, there were no statistically significant associations (Pearson Chi2=3.5, p=0.153). In 20 cases, the retromandibular course of the ECA was asymmetrical; in 21 cases, type 1 was recorded bilaterally; in 5 cases, type 2 was bilaterally symmetrical; and in 14 cases, type 3 was found bilaterally.

Conclusion

These previously undocumented types of ECA are relevant during parotid surgery and should be investigated preoperatively on a case-by-case basis.

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颈外动脉下颌后环路。

背景：颈外动脉（ECA）是头颈部的主要动脉。尽管许多研究描述了 ECA 分支的变化，但 ECA 的走向变化似乎被忽视了。本文旨在研究 ECA 下颌后段形态的可能性：方法：对 26 名男性和 31 名女性成人患者的 60 张计算机断层扫描血管造影进行了回顾性研究。方法：对 26 名男性和 31 名女性成年患者的 60 张计算机断层扫描血管造影进行了回顾性研究，确定了三种类型的下颌后ECA：类型 1 - ECA 直行，深入下颌骨横梁的解剖平面；类型 2 - ECA 形成一个指向外侧的下颌后环路，延伸至下颌骨横梁的解剖平面外侧；类型 3 - 指向外侧的下颌后环路刚好到达下颌骨横梁后缘的后方：在 120 个病例中，43.33% 的病例属于 1 型，18.33% 的病例属于 2 型，38.33% 的病例属于 3 型。在右侧，1 型与男性性别有明显相关性，3 型与女性性别有明显相关性（Pearson Chi2=10.9，P=0.004）。左侧则没有明显的统计学关联（Pearson Chi2=3.5，P=0.153）。在 20 个病例中，ECA 的颌后走向是不对称的；在 21 个病例中，1 型是双侧记录的；在 5 个病例中，2 型是双侧对称的；在 14 个病例中，3 型是双侧发现的：结论：这些之前未被记录的 ECA 类型与腮腺手术相关，应根据具体情况在术前进行检查。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger 医学-解剖学与形态学

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

22.70%

发文量

137

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Annals of Anatomy publish peer reviewed original articles as well as brief review articles. The journal is open to original papers covering a link between anatomy and areas such as •molecular biology, •cell biology •reproductive biology •immunobiology •developmental biology, neurobiology •embryology as well as •neuroanatomy •neuroimmunology •clinical anatomy •comparative anatomy •modern imaging techniques •evolution, and especially also •aging