Recent advances in tuberculosis: A comprehensive review of emerging trends in pathogenesis, diagnostics, treatment, and prevention

Abstract

It is an in-depth analysis of a globally significant infectious disease, tuberculosis (TB). It covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of TB with attention to its successes and shortcomings. The review examines this complicated relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the human host. It describes how outcomes move from latent infection to active disease. An Overview It introduces the current diagnostic methods, therapeutic regimens and preventive strategies; repeated emphasis is placed on targeted interventions and public health efforts. Also, the review covers future efforts in TB research and control that will further improve prevention and treatment. These include vaccines; new drugs (including a quest for novel agents); improved diagnostics (such as more rapid tests or smear-free methods); public health interventions such as policies on occupational exposures to respiratory rusts; integrated care models including continuity of services between Through these points the review illuminates how much can still be accomplished in terms of controlling--and even eliminating entirely--TB, with ramifications for global public health.