Use of nanoparticles, a modern means of drug delivery, against cryptosporidiosis.

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2023-12-31 eCollection Date: 2023-12-01 DOI:10.5455/javar.2023.j726
Faleh A AlFaleh, Shameeran Salman Ismael, Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino, Fernando Edgar Martínez Silva, Tayyaba Ashraf, Rao Zahid Abbas, Warda Qamar
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Abstract

Cryptosporidium is a primary cause of waterborne epidemics, despite being previously considered only an opportunistic pathogen. The disease is associated with significant economic losses in humans and animals that are brought on by diarrhea, which frequently causes dehydration. Contact with diseased people or animals, as well as polluted water, is the major cause of infection. Different drugs are used to control the parasites. Nitazoxanide (NTZ), which is an anti-protozoan and anti-viral drug, can be used to control helminths, viruses, and protozoan parasites as a broad-spectrum antibiotic and has been approved by the food and drug authority (FDA). However, the problem is the development of resistance over a period of time in these parasites. Nanoparticles have received significant attention as possible anti-parasitic agents in recent years. By directing medications to specific cellular locations, targeted drug delivery minimizes the side effects of medications. Nanoparticles have demonstrated effectiveness against different Cryptosporidium species. Nanoparticles loaded with NTZ are found to be an effective remedy for C. parvum in young ones and decrease the oocyst count shed in the stools. Additionally, silver nanoparticles have proven to be effective against C. parvum by releasing silver ions that breach the cell wall of the oocyst, causing the escape of intracellular contents and the destruction of sporozoites within the oocyst. Implementing tiny particles for the purification of consuming water from Cryptosporidium is an economical and environmentally sustainable process. However, the use of nanoparticles in medicine requires more research.

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使用纳米颗粒这种现代给药手段来防治隐孢子虫病。
尽管隐孢子虫以前被认为只是一种机会性病原体,但它却是水传播流行病的主要病因。这种疾病给人类和动物造成重大经济损失,因为腹泻经常导致脱水。接触患病的人或动物以及被污染的水是感染的主要原因。不同的药物可用于控制寄生虫。硝唑尼特(Nitazoxanide,NTZ)是一种抗原生动物和抗病毒药物,可用于控制蠕虫、病毒和原生动物寄生虫,是一种广谱抗生素,已获得食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准。然而,问题在于这些寄生虫在一段时间后会产生抗药性。近年来,纳米粒子作为可能的抗寄生虫药物受到了广泛关注。通过将药物导向特定的细胞位置,靶向给药可将药物的副作用降至最低。纳米颗粒已证明对不同种类的隐孢子虫有效。含 NTZ 的纳米颗粒可有效治疗幼童体内的副猪嗜血杆菌,减少粪便中的卵囊数量。此外,纳米银粒子释放的银离子可破坏卵囊的细胞壁,导致细胞内的内容物逸出,并破坏卵囊内的孢子虫,因此已被证明可有效防治副猪痢疾杆菌。使用微小颗粒来净化饮用水中的隐孢子虫是一种既经济又环保的可持续工艺。然而,纳米粒子在医学中的应用还需要更多的研究。
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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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