{"title":"Spectrum sharing for LTE and 5G-NR coexistence","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11235-024-01113-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Spectrum sharing provides a rapid migration pathway toward 5G by enabling the coexistence of 4G LTE and 5G new radio (NR) that share the same spectrum. Due to significant differences in the LTE and 5G-NR air interfaces, several enablers are required to facilitate the spectrum sharing. In this study, we explore the coexistence features and investigate their impacts on network performance. For static and dynamic spectrum sharing scenarios, we assess the impacts of different spectrum sharing ratios, user ratios, MIMO configurations, mixed numerology profiles and traffic patterns on the user throughput and network capacities of spectrum sharing networks, compared with the LTE only and 5G-NR only networks with exclusive spectrum access. The key results show that spectrum sharing leads to a marginal capacity gain over LTE only network and achieves considerably lower capacity than the 5G-NR only network. Also, the results show that mixed numerology profiles between the LTE and 5G-NR lead to capacity losses due to inter-numerology interference. In addition, user and spectrum sharing ratios between LTE and 5G-NR have critical impacts on performance. Reduced spectrum per device as the number of 5G devices increases, higher signaling overhead and higher scheduling complexity are other limiting factors for spectrum sharing networks. The results show limited capacity benefits and reinforce spectrum sharing between LTE and 5G-NR as mainly an evolutionary path to accommodate 5G users in the same LTE spectrum while migrating to the fully-fledged 5G networks. For significant capacity increase, other features such as carrier aggregation, overlay of small cells and higher order MIMO would need to be incorporated into the network.</p>","PeriodicalId":51194,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunication Systems","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Telecommunication Systems","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-024-01113-w","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"TELECOMMUNICATIONS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Spectrum sharing provides a rapid migration pathway toward 5G by enabling the coexistence of 4G LTE and 5G new radio (NR) that share the same spectrum. Due to significant differences in the LTE and 5G-NR air interfaces, several enablers are required to facilitate the spectrum sharing. In this study, we explore the coexistence features and investigate their impacts on network performance. For static and dynamic spectrum sharing scenarios, we assess the impacts of different spectrum sharing ratios, user ratios, MIMO configurations, mixed numerology profiles and traffic patterns on the user throughput and network capacities of spectrum sharing networks, compared with the LTE only and 5G-NR only networks with exclusive spectrum access. The key results show that spectrum sharing leads to a marginal capacity gain over LTE only network and achieves considerably lower capacity than the 5G-NR only network. Also, the results show that mixed numerology profiles between the LTE and 5G-NR lead to capacity losses due to inter-numerology interference. In addition, user and spectrum sharing ratios between LTE and 5G-NR have critical impacts on performance. Reduced spectrum per device as the number of 5G devices increases, higher signaling overhead and higher scheduling complexity are other limiting factors for spectrum sharing networks. The results show limited capacity benefits and reinforce spectrum sharing between LTE and 5G-NR as mainly an evolutionary path to accommodate 5G users in the same LTE spectrum while migrating to the fully-fledged 5G networks. For significant capacity increase, other features such as carrier aggregation, overlay of small cells and higher order MIMO would need to be incorporated into the network.
期刊介绍：
Telecommunication Systems is a journal covering all aspects of modeling, analysis, design and management of telecommunication systems. The journal publishes high quality articles dealing with the use of analytic and quantitative tools for the modeling, analysis, design and management of telecommunication systems covering:
Performance Evaluation of Wide Area and Local Networks;
Network Interconnection;
Wire, wireless, Adhoc, mobile networks;
Impact of New Services (economic and organizational impact);
Fiberoptics and photonic switching;
DSL, ADSL, cable TV and their impact;
Design and Analysis Issues in Metropolitan Area Networks;
Networking Protocols;
Dynamics and Capacity Expansion of Telecommunication Systems;
Multimedia Based Systems, Their Design Configuration and Impact;
Configuration of Distributed Systems;
Pricing for Networking and Telecommunication Services;
Performance Analysis of Local Area Networks;
Distributed Group Decision Support Systems;
Configuring Telecommunication Systems with Reliability and Availability;
Cost Benefit Analysis and Economic Impact of Telecommunication Systems;
Standardization and Regulatory Issues;
Security, Privacy and Encryption in Telecommunication Systems;
Cellular, Mobile and Satellite Based Systems.
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