A comprehensive review of human health risks of arsenic and fluoride contamination of groundwater in the South Asia region.

IF 2.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of water and health Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI:10.2166/wh.2023.082

Yash Aryan, Thambidurai Pon, Balamurugan Panneerselvam, Anil Kumar Dikshit

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Abstract

The present study found that ∼80 million people in India, ∼60 million people in Pakistan, ∼70 million people in Bangladesh, and ∼3 million people in Nepal are exposed to arsenic groundwater contamination above 10 μg/L, while Sri Lanka remains moderately affected. In the case of fluoride contamination, ∼120 million in India, >2 million in Pakistan, and ∼0.5 million in Sri Lanka are exposed to the risk of fluoride above 1.5 mg/L, while Bangladesh and Nepal are mildly affected. The hazard quotient (HQ) for arsenic varied from 0 to 822 in India, 0 to 33 in Pakistan, 0 to 1,051 in Bangladesh, 0 to 582 in Nepal, and 0 to 89 in Sri Lanka. The cancer risk of arsenic varied from 0 to 1.64 × 1^-1 in India, 0 to 1.07 × 10^-1 in Pakistan, 0 to 2.10 × 10^-1 in Bangladesh, 0 to 1.16 × 10^-1 in Nepal, and 0 to 1.78 × 10^-2 in Sri Lanka. In the case of fluoride, the HQ ranged from 0 to 21 in India, 0 to 33 in Pakistan, 0 to 18 in Bangladesh, 0 to 10 in Nepal, and 0 to 10 in Sri Lanka. Arsenic and fluoride have adverse effects on animals, resulting in chemical poisoning and skeletal fluorosis. Adsorption and membrane filtration have demonstrated outstanding treatment outcomes.

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全面审查南亚地区地下水砷和氟污染对人类健康造成的风险。

本研究发现，印度有 8000 万人口、巴基斯坦有 6000 万人口、孟加拉国有 7000 万人口、尼泊尔有 300 万人口受到 10 μg/L 以上的砷地下水污染，而斯里兰卡仍然受到中度影响。在氟污染方面，印度有 1.2 亿人、巴基斯坦有 200 多万人、斯里兰卡有 50 多万人面临氟含量超过 1.5 毫克/升的风险，而孟加拉国和尼泊尔受影响程度较轻。砷的危害商数（HQ）在印度从 0 到 822 不等，在巴基斯坦从 0 到 33 不等，在孟加拉国从 0 到 1 051 不等，在尼泊尔从 0 到 582 不等，在斯里兰卡从 0 到 89 不等。砷的致癌风险在印度为 0 至 1.64 × 1-1，巴基斯坦为 0 至 1.07 × 10-1，孟加拉国为 0 至 2.10 × 10-1，尼泊尔为 0 至 1.16 × 10-1，斯里兰卡为 0 至 1.78 × 10-2。就氟而言，印度的 HQ 值为 0 至 21，巴基斯坦为 0 至 33，孟加拉国为 0 至 18，尼泊尔为 0 至 10，斯里兰卡为 0 至 10。砷和氟对动物有不利影响，会导致化学中毒和骨骼氟中毒。吸附法和膜过滤法的治疗效果显著。

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来源期刊

Journal of water and health 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

8.70%

发文量

110

审稿时长

18-36 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Water and Health is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to the dissemination of information on the health implications and control of waterborne microorganisms and chemical substances in the broadest sense for developing and developed countries worldwide. This is to include microbial toxins, chemical quality and the aesthetic qualities of water.