Revisiting anthelmintic resistance in sheep flocks from São Paulo State, Brazil

Cesar C. Bassetto , Ana Cláudia A. Albuquerque , José Gabriel G. Lins , Naiara M. Marinho-Silva , Marianna L.E. Chocobar , Hornblenda J.S. Bello , Mateus O. Mena , Simone C.M. Niciura , Alessandro F.T. Amarante , Ana Carolina S. Chagas
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Abstract

Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis are the most important gastrointestinal nematodes causing serious losses in sheep production of tropical and subtropical regions. Prophylaxis of gastrointestinal nematode infections is based on anthelmintics use, but their frequent administration selects multiple-resistant parasites. To evaluate how the situation has changed over the last decades, the anthelmintic resistance status of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep flocks was assessed in the current study and compared to previous surveys. In each one of the 15 flocks evaluated, animals (n ≥ 7) were allocated into at least five groups and treated as follows: 1) untreated control; 2) albendazole; 3) levamisole; 4) ivermectin; and 5) monepantel. If more animals were available, two additional groups were included: 6) closantel, and 7) moxidectin. The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was carried out to evaluate the pre- and post-treatment using the SHINY tool. Haemonchus spp. was the most prevalent nematode from faecal cultures. The mean efficacy of albendazole was 40%. Only in two farms, levamisole presented a relatively high percentage of reduction in the FECRT about 90%, while ivermectin and moxidectin presented the worst mean efficacy of 34% and 21% among all farms, respectively. Like other anthelmintics, closantel demonstrated low efficacy (63%) across all farms evaluated. Monepantel presented an overall mean efficacy of 79%, but it was the only anthelmintic that presented efficacy ≥95%, in five farms. The results revealed that gastrointestinal nematodes with multiple anthelmintic resistance were prevalent in all 15 sheep herds. The research suggests that nematodes are becoming more and more resistant to various anthelmintic compounds, which has made the problem worse. This circumstance highlights the necessity to put into practice sustainable and long-lasting methods to prevent gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep husbandry.

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重新审视巴西圣保罗州羊群的抗蠕虫药耐药性
是造成热带和亚热带地区绵羊生产严重损失的最重要的胃肠道线虫。胃肠道线虫感染的预防以使用抗蠕虫药为基础,但频繁使用抗蠕虫药会导致寄生虫产生多重抗药性。为了评估过去几十年来情况的变化,本研究对羊群中胃肠道线虫的抗蠕虫药耐药性状况进行了评估,并与之前的调查进行了比较。在所评估的 15 个羊群中,每个羊群的动物(n ≥ 7)至少被分成 5 组,并按以下方法处理:1) 未经处理的对照组;2) 阿苯达唑;3) 左旋咪唑;4) 伊维菌素;5) 莫耐苯特尔。如果有更多动物,则增加两组:6) closantel 和 7) moxidectin。使用 SHINY 工具进行了粪便虫卵计数减少试验(FECRT),以评估治疗前后的效果。 从粪便培养物中发现,阿维菌素是最常见的线虫。阿苯达唑的平均有效率为 40%。只有两个农场的左旋咪唑对 FECRT 的降低率相对较高,约为 90%,而伊维菌素和莫西菌素的平均疗效最差,在所有农场中分别为 34% 和 21%。与其他抗蠕虫药一样,氯氰碘柳胺(closantel)在所有接受评估的农场中的药效较低(63%)。莫尼潘特尔的总体平均有效率为 79%,但它是唯一一种在五个农场中有效率≥95%的抗虫药。研究结果表明,在所有 15 个羊群中,普遍存在对多种抗线虫药物产生抗药性的胃肠道线虫。研究表明,线虫对各种驱虫药的抗药性越来越强,导致问题更加严重。这种情况突出表明,有必要在养羊业中采用可持续和持久的方法来预防胃肠道线虫感染。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
7.50%
发文量
31
审稿时长
48 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal for Parasitology – Drugs and Drug Resistance is one of a series of specialist, open access journals launched by the International Journal for Parasitology. It publishes the results of original research in the area of anti-parasite drug identification, development and evaluation, and parasite drug resistance. The journal also covers research into natural products as anti-parasitic agents, and bioactive parasite products. Studies can be aimed at unicellular or multicellular parasites of human or veterinary importance.
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