Ecotoxicity of Dust from Different Functional Zones of Moscow

IF 1.4 4区农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE Eurasian Soil Science Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI:10.1134/s1064229323602779

O. V. Nikolaeva, S. A. Kulachkova, A. A. Astaykina, M. S. Rozanova, O. A. Chistova

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Abstract

Ecotoxicity of dust was assessed for different functional zones in three Moscow districts. Ecotoxicity was estimated by the reaction of higher plants using a new approach to the implementation of biotesting method and by changes in the biomass and respiration of microorganisms in residential and transport zones as compared to recreational zones. The proposed method of assessing urban dust toxicity upon modeling dust transfer to soil-like substrates allowed us to solve the main methodological problem, i.e., the choice of control. By the example of perennial ryegrass (Lollium perenne L.), it was found out that annual volume of dust deposition upon a high load within a one-meter zone from the road surface does not manifest toxicity, whereas a three-year volume suppresses plants up to 27% relative to the control. No significant differences were found between the phytotoxicity of dust in different functional zones; and phytotoxicity did not correlate with any of the studied properties of dust (organic carbon content (C_org), pH, electrical conductivity, moisture capacity, particle-size composition). Basal respiration and carbon content in microbial biomass (C_mic) of dust were maximal in the recreational zones of the city (3.1–7.2 μg C–CO₂ g^–1 h^–1 and 314–435 μg g^–1, respectively) decreasing by 27–71% in residential and by 76–81% in the transport zones. Significant correlations of basal respiration and C_mic with C_org were observed (r_S = 0.57 and 0.61, respectively, p < 0.05, n = 49). High values of microbial metabolic quotient qCO₂ of dust and a small share of C_mic in C_org indicate unfavorable conditions for microorganisms.

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莫斯科不同功能区灰尘的生态毒性

摘要对莫斯科三个区不同功能区的粉尘生态毒性进行了评估。生态毒性是通过采用生物测试法的新方法对高等植物的反应以及居住区和交通区与休闲区相比微生物的生物量和呼吸量的变化进行估算的。通过模拟粉尘向土壤基质的转移，我们提出了评估城市粉尘毒性的方法，从而解决了主要的方法问题，即对照的选择问题。以多年生黑麦草（Lollium perenne L.）为例，我们发现，在距离路面一米的区域内，高负荷的粉尘年沉积量不会产生毒性，而三年的沉积量则会抑制植物生长，相对于对照组，抑制率可达 27%。不同功能区的粉尘植物毒性没有明显差异；植物毒性与所研究的粉尘特性（有机碳含量（Corg）、pH 值、导电率、容湿量、颗粒大小组成）也没有关联。灰尘的基础呼吸作用和微生物生物量中的碳含量（Cmic）在城市的休闲区最高（分别为 3.1-7.2 μg C-CO2 g-1 h-1 和 314-435 μg g-1），在居住区和交通区分别降低了 27%-71% 和 76%-81%。基础呼吸和 Cmic 与 Corg 存在显著相关性（rS 分别为 0.57 和 0.61，p < 0.05，n = 49）。灰尘的微生物代谢商qCO2值较高，而Cmic在Corg中所占比例较小，这表明不利于微生物的生长。

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来源期刊

Eurasian Soil Science 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

2.70

自引率

35.70%

发文量

137

审稿时长

12-24 weeks

期刊介绍： Eurasian Soil Science publishes original research papers on global and regional studies discussing both theoretical and experimental problems of genesis, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, fertility, management, conservation, and remediation of soils. Special sections are devoted to current news in the life of the International and Russian soil science societies and to the history of soil sciences. Since 2000, the journal Agricultural Chemistry, the English version of the journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences Agrokhimiya, has been merged into the journal Eurasian Soil Science and is no longer published as a separate title.