COMPARISON OF SUBCUTANEOUS ALFAXALONE AND SUBCUTANEOUS ALFAXALONE-DEXMEDETOMIDINE FOR SEDATION IN THE HOUSTON TOAD (ANAXYRUS HOUSTONENSIS).

IF 0.7 4区农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI:10.1638/2023-0013

Danielle M Lang, Emily J Freeman, John A Griffioen, Sarah A Cannizzo, Martha A Delaney, Amanda Huffman, Kimberly L Rainwater

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Abstract

The Houston toad (Anaxyrus houstonensis), a primarily terrestrial amphibian of south-central Texas, has been listed as federally endangered since 1970. Sedation is an important tool for obtaining diagnostics and providing treatment in this species. This prospective, randomized, and blinded study compared the sedative effects of SC alfaxalone (Protocol A) at approximately 12 mg/kg (median [range] = 12.70 [12.09-13.95] mg/kg] to SC alfaxalone-dexmedetomidine (Protocol AD) at approximately 12 mg/kg (median [range] = 12.68 [12.16-13.56] mg/kg) and 0.1 mg/kg (median [range] = 0.1 [0.07-0.13] mg/kg), respectively, in adult Houston toads (n = 26). Toads from Protocol AD received atipamezole SC at approximately 1 mg/kg (median [range] = 0.96 [0.75-1.25] mg/kg) 45 min postinduction, whereas toads from Protocol A received the equivalent volume of SC sterile saline at the same time point. Heart rate, gular rate, and times to first effect, loss of righting reflex, ability to position for radiographs, loss of nociception, return of righting reflex, and full recovery were recorded. A significantly greater number of toads lost righting reflex, positioned for radiographs, and lost nociception with Protocol AD compared with Protocol A. Additionally, time to return of righting reflex and time to full recovery were significantly longer with Protocol AD than with Protocol A. The protocols did not differ significantly in time to first effect, time to radiographic positioning, or time to loss of nociception. Histologic examination of four toads euthanized during the study revealed acute injection site reactions from all administered drugs, including saline. No clinical adverse reactions were observed. This study demonstrates that the combination of SC alfaxalone and dexmedetomidine results in deeper sedation than SC alfaxalone alone, but also correlates with longer recovery times despite antagonist administration.

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比较皮下注射阿法沙龙和皮下注射阿法沙龙-右美托咪定对休斯顿蟾蜍（anaxyrus houstonensis）的镇静作用。

休斯顿蟾蜍（Anaxyrus houstonensis）主要是德克萨斯州中南部的一种陆生两栖动物，自 1970 年以来一直被列为联邦濒危物种。镇静是对该物种进行诊断和治疗的重要工具。这项前瞻性、随机和盲法研究比较了阿伐沙龙（方案 A）约 12 毫克/千克（中位数 [范围] = 12.70 [12.09-13.95]毫克/千克]的阿法沙龙-右美托咪定（AD方案）和0.1毫克/千克（中位数[范围] = 0.1 [0.07-0.13] 毫克/千克）的阿法沙龙-右美托咪定（中位数[范围] = 12.68 [12.16-13.56] 毫克/千克）的阿法沙龙-右美托咪定（AD方案）对休斯顿成年蟾蜍（n = 26）的镇静效果。诱导后 45 分钟，AD 方案的蟾蜍接受阿替帕米唑（SC），剂量约为 1 毫克/千克（中位数[范围] = 0.96 [0.75-1.25] 毫克/千克），而 A 方案的蟾蜍在同一时间点接受等量的无菌生理盐水（SC）。实验记录了蟾蜍的心率、咽喉率、初效时间、右反射消失时间、定位拍片时间、痛觉消失时间、右反射恢复时间和完全恢复时间。与 A 方案相比，AD 方案中丧失右反射、定位拍片和失去痛觉的蟾蜍数量明显更多。此外，AD 方案中恢复右反射和完全恢复的时间明显长于 A 方案。对研究期间安乐死的四只蟾蜍进行的组织学检查显示，所有给药药物（包括生理盐水）都会引起急性注射部位反应。未观察到任何临床不良反应。这项研究表明，与单独使用阿法沙龙相比，联合使用阿法沙龙和右美托咪定可产生更深层次的镇静效果，而且尽管使用了拮抗剂，恢复时间也更长。

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来源期刊

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

1.70

自引率

14.30%

发文量

审稿时长

9-24 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine (JZWM) is considered one of the major sources of information on the biology and veterinary aspects in the field. It stems from the founding premise of AAZV to share zoo animal medicine experiences. The Journal evolved from the long history of members producing case reports and the increased publication of free-ranging wildlife papers. The Journal accepts manuscripts of original research findings, case reports in the field of veterinary medicine dealing with captive and free-ranging wild animals, brief communications regarding clinical or research observations that may warrant publication. It also publishes and encourages submission of relevant editorials, reviews, special reports, clinical challenges, abstracts of selected articles and book reviews. The Journal is published quarterly, is peer reviewed, is indexed by the major abstracting services, and is international in scope and distribution. Areas of interest include clinical medicine, surgery, anatomy, radiology, physiology, reproduction, nutrition, parasitology, microbiology, immunology, pathology (including infectious diseases and clinical pathology), toxicology, pharmacology, and epidemiology.