Human-based new approach methodologies to accelerate advances in nutrition research

IF 7.4 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Food frontiers Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI:10.1002/fft2.369
Manuela Cassotta, Danila Cianciosi, Maria Elexpuru-Zabaleta, Inaki Elio Pascual, Sandra Sumalla Cano, Francesca Giampieri, Maurizio Battino
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Abstract

Much of nutrition research has been conventionally based on the use of simplistic in vitro systems or animal models, which have been extensively employed in an effort to better understand the relationships between diet and complex diseases as well as to evaluate food safety. Although these models have undeniably contributed to increase our mechanistic understanding of basic biological processes, they do not adequately model complex human physiopathological phenomena, creating concerns about the translatability to humans. During the last decade, extraordinary advancement in stem cell culturing, three-dimensional cell cultures, sequencing technologies, and computer science has occurred, which has originated a wealth of novel human-based and more physiologically relevant tools. These tools, also known as “new approach methodologies,” which comprise patient-derived organoids, organs-on-chip, multi-omics approach, along with computational models and analysis, represent innovative and exciting tools to forward nutrition research from a human-biology-oriented perspective. After considering some shortcomings of conventional in vitro and vivo approaches, here we describe the main novel available and emerging tools that are appropriate for designing a more human-relevant nutrition research. Our aim is to encourage discussion on the opportunity to explore innovative paths in nutrition research and to promote a paradigm-change toward a more human biology-focused approach to better understand human nutritional pathophysiology, to evaluate novel food products, and to develop more effective targeted preventive or therapeutic strategies while helping in reducing the number and replacing animals employed in nutrition research.

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以人为本的新方法,加快营养研究的进展
大部分营养研究都是基于简单的体外系统或动物模型,这些模型已被广泛应用于更好地理解饮食与复杂疾病之间的关系以及评估食品安全。不可否认,这些模型有助于加深我们对基本生物过程的机理认识,但它们并不能充分模拟复杂的人体生理病理现象,从而引发了对人体可转化性的担忧。过去十年间,干细胞培养、三维细胞培养、测序技术和计算机科学取得了非凡的进步,从而产生了大量基于人类且更贴近生理的新型工具。这些工具也被称为 "新方法学",包括源自患者的器官组织、芯片上的器官、多组学方法以及计算模型和分析,它们代表了从以人类生物学为导向的角度推进营养研究的创新和令人兴奋的工具。在考虑了传统体外和体内方法的一些不足之后,我们在此介绍适合设计更贴近人类的营养研究的主要新型可用工具和新兴工具。我们的目的是鼓励大家讨论在营养研究中探索创新之路的机会,促进范式转变,采用更注重人体生物学的方法,更好地了解人体营养病理生理学,评估新型食品,开发更有效的针对性预防或治疗策略,同时帮助减少营养研究中使用的动物数量并取代动物。
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10.50
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0.00%
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审稿时长
10 weeks
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