Effect of sand gradations on the fresh properties of 3D printable concrete

IF 1.8 4区工程技术 Q3 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Magazine of Concrete Research Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI:10.1680/jmacr.23.00166

Senthil Kumar Kaliyavaradhan, P. S. Ambily, Deepadharshan Shekar, Shilpa Sebastian

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Abstract

Sand is frequently used as a fine aggregate in concrete mixtures, however, the performance of concrete can be considerably impacted by regional variations in sand gradation. This study systematically investigated the effect of sand gradations on fresh properties of 3D printable concrete (3DPC) mixtures. The binder combinations, including cement, fly ash, silica fume, limestone powder, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and the water-to-binder ratio, were constant throughout the trials. The mini-slump height and flow values of optimal packing of binary and ternary combinations of standard Ennore sand (Grade I, Grade II, Grade III) compared to locally available river sand and the unary packing of Ennore sand and river sand. In addition, the correlation between the fineness modulus of different sand gradations and printable flow time were determined. The influence of sand gradations and fineness modulus on buildability, shape retention, open time and extrudability were evaluated. The findings demonstrated that the performance of the fresh 3DPC is influenced by the aggregate's gradation and grain size in addition to its fineness. In conclusion, different fine aggregate specifications must be chosen depending on the various 3D printing building conditions and design requirements.

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砂子级配对 3D 打印混凝土新拌性能的影响

砂通常用作混凝土混合物中的细骨料，然而，砂级配的地区差异会对混凝土的性能产生很大影响。本研究系统地研究了砂子级配对三维可打印混凝土（3DPC）混合物新拌性能的影响。在整个试验过程中，水泥、粉煤灰、硅灰、石灰石粉、磨细高炉矿渣等粘结剂组合以及水与粘结剂的比例保持不变。将标准恩诺尔砂（一级、二级、三级）的二元和三元组合的最佳填料与当地可用的河砂以及恩诺尔砂和河砂的单元填料进行比较，得出了小坍落度高度和流动值。此外，还测定了不同砂级配的细度模数与可印刷流动时间之间的相关性。评估了砂的级配和细度模数对施工性、形状保持性、开放时间和挤出性的影响。研究结果表明，除细度外，新鲜 3DPC 的性能还受到骨料级配和粒度的影响。总之，必须根据不同的 3D 打印建筑条件和设计要求选择不同的细骨料规格。

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来源期刊

Magazine of Concrete Research 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

11.10%

发文量

102

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： For concrete and other cementitious derivatives to be developed further, we need to understand the use of alternative hydraulically active materials used in combination with plain Portland Cement, sustainability and durability issues. Both fundamental and best practice issues need to be addressed. Magazine of Concrete Research covers every aspect of concrete manufacture and behaviour from performance and evaluation of constituent materials to mix design, testing, durability, structural analysis and composite construction.