The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way

IF 27.8 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review Pub Date : 2024-03-30 DOI:10.1007/s00159-024-00152-1
Kartick C. Sarkar
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Abstract

Galactic outflows are ubiquitous in galaxies containing active star formation or supermassive black hole activity. The presence of a large-scale outflow from the center of our own Galaxy was confirmed after the discovery of two large (~ 8–10 kpc) \(\gamma \)-ray bubbles using the Fermi-LAT telescope. These bubbles, known as the Fermi Bubbles, are highly symmetric about the Galactic disk as well as around the Galactic rotation axis and appear to emanate from the center of our Galaxy. The sharp edges of these bubbles suggest that they are related to the Galactic outflow. These bubbles are surrounded by two even bigger (~ 12–14 kpc) X-ray structures, known as the eROSITA bubbles. Together, they represent the characteristics of an outflow from the Galaxy into the circumgalactic medium. Multi-wavelength observations such as in radio, microwave, and UV toward the Fermi Bubbles have provided us with much information in the last decade. However, the origin and the nature of these bubbles remain elusive. In this review, I summarize the observations related to the Fermi/eROSITA Bubbles at different scales and wavelengths, and give a brief overview of our current understanding of them.

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费米/eROSITA气泡:对银河系核外流的观察
摘要 银河系外流在含有活跃恒星形成或超大质量黑洞活动的星系中无处不在。在利用费米-LAT望远镜发现了两个大的(~ 8-10 kpc)(\γ\)-射线气泡之后,我们银河系中心大规模外流的存在得到了证实。这些气泡被称为 "费米气泡"(Fermi Bubbles),它们与银河系盘以及银河系旋转轴高度对称,似乎是从银河系中心发出的。这些气泡边缘锋利,表明它们与银河系外流有关。这些气泡周围有两个更大(约 12-14 kpc)的 X 射线结构,被称为 eROSITA 气泡。它们共同代表了从银河系流出到环银河介质的特征。在过去十年中,对费米气泡进行的无线电、微波和紫外线等多波长观测为我们提供了大量信息。然而,这些气泡的起源和性质仍然难以捉摸。在这篇综述中,我总结了在不同尺度和波长上与费米/eROSITA气泡有关的观测,并简要介绍了我们目前对这些气泡的认识。
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来源期刊
The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review
The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
45.00
自引率
0.80%
发文量
7
期刊介绍: The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review is a journal that covers all areas of astronomy and astrophysics. It includes subjects related to other fields such as laboratory or particle physics, cosmic ray physics, studies in the solar system, astrobiology, instrumentation, and computational and statistical methods with specific astronomical applications. The frequency of review articles depends on the level of activity in different areas. The journal focuses on publishing review articles that are scientifically rigorous and easily comprehensible. These articles serve as a valuable resource for scientists, students, researchers, and lecturers who want to explore new or unfamiliar fields. The journal is abstracted and indexed in various databases including the Astrophysics Data System (ADS), BFI List, CNKI, CNPIEC, Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences, Dimensions, EBSCO Academic Search, EI Compendex, Japanese Science and Technology, and more.
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