Archeometrical Characterization of Rock Art Pigments from Puerto Roque Open-Air Rock Art Shelter (Valencia De Alcantara, Extremadura, Spain)

IF 4.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI:10.3390/heritage7030053

H. Gomes, H. Collado, S. Garcês, Virginia Lattao, Maria Nicoli, N. Eftekhari, E. Marrocchino, P. Rosina

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Abstract

The study seeks to unravel the intricate operational sequence involved in preparing prehistoric pigments for rock art within the Puerto Roque rock art shelter. Sixteen pigment samples were meticulously collected from specific figurative representations. Additionally, three ochre samples were sourced from the shelter’s soil. Employing a comprehensive multi-analytical approach, including Raman microspectroscopy, X-ray microfluorescence (EDxrf), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), all nineteen samples underwent thorough analysis. Notably, darker pigments revealed a composition of hematite with the added presence of carbon. Meanwhile, one sample exhibited an orange hue primarily composed of goethite and bright red pigments predominantly characterised by hematite, as confirmed by Raman analysis. EDxrf analysis demonstrated an elemental composition akin to the three ochre pieces examined. Furthermore, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy suggested the potential influence of a heating process in enhancing red coloration, corroborated by spectral results from specific samples. This finding aligns with prior research, underscoring the technological sophistication embedded in early artistic endeavours.

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Puerto Roque 露天岩画庇护所（西班牙埃斯特雷马杜拉州巴伦西亚德阿尔坎塔拉）岩画颜料的考古学特征描述

这项研究试图揭示在 Puerto Roque 岩石艺术庇护所内为岩石艺术准备史前颜料所涉及的错综复杂的操作顺序。研究人员从特定的雕像中精心采集了 16 个颜料样本。此外，还从保护区的土壤中采集了三份赭石样本。通过拉曼微光谱、X 射线微荧光 (EDxrf)、傅立叶变换红外光谱 (ATR-FTIR) 和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM-EDS)等综合多分析方法，对所有 19 个样本进行了全面分析。值得注意的是，颜色较深的颜料显示出赤铁矿的成分，并添加了碳元素。同时，一个样品呈现出橙色色调，主要由鹅卵石组成，而鲜红色颜料则主要由赤铁矿组成，拉曼分析证实了这一点。EDxrf 分析表明，其元素组成与所检测的三块赭石类似。此外，ATR-傅立叶变换红外光谱分析表明，加热过程可能会影响红色的增强，特定样品的光谱结果也证实了这一点。这一发现与之前的研究结果一致，强调了早期艺术创作中蕴含的先进技术。

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来源期刊

ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

2.10%

发文量

464

期刊介绍： ACS Applied Bio Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of biomaterials and biointerfaces including and beyond the traditional biosensing, biomedical and therapeutic applications. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrates knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, and chemistry into important bio applications. The journal is specifically interested in work that addresses the relationship between structure and function and assesses the stability and degradation of materials under relevant environmental and biological conditions.