Waste management in potash mining companies

A. Perevoshchikova, R. Perevoshchikov, E. E. Malyshkina, N. Mitrakova
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Abstract

Relevance. Related to the need to carry out environmental protection measures in potash mining areas exposed to the environmental consequences of the impact of multi-tonnage salt waste. Aim. To summarise and analyse the geography of potash mining operations, the environmental impact of these operations, and potash waste management practices. Object. Potash mining waste. Methods. Theoretical and logical analysis of the data. Results. The research considers the geographical distribution of potash deposits and presents the characteristics of potash mining waste using the example of the Verkhnekamskoe Potash Deposit. The paper provides both domestic and foreign analyses of ecological consequences of waste storage on the day surface. Several options for potash mining waste management are analysed. For the management of clay-salt slurry, the most effective approach is its injection into underground horizons, which includes the use of saturated solutions as a fertiliser component, as a part of a product in construction, and in the oil industry. A more comprehensive approach to halite waste management is needed. Waste disposal to waste dumps is relevant due to the presence of mined-out areas on the territory of long-operating enterprises. Reclamation of the salt dump will help to isolate it from atmospheric precipitation, thereby reducing the inflow of saturated water into the environment. Utilising waste for production of construction materials is the most economically and environmentally favourable option. Extracting valuable components, producing fertilisers, concentrates, etc. from waste is the least practical approach due to the ecological and economic expenses involved in acquiring extraction equipment and the repeated generation of waste. The most challenging aspect of reducing waste generation in terms of technology lies in improving mining operations and implementing selective mining.
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钾盐开采公司的废物管理
相关性。在受到多吨盐废料影响的钾盐开采区采取环境保护措施的必要性。目的。总结和分析钾盐开采作业的地理位置、这些作业对环境的影响以及钾盐废物管理方法。对象。钾盐开采废物。方法。对数据进行理论和逻辑分析。结果。研究考虑了钾盐矿床的地理分布,并以上卡姆斯基钾盐矿床为例介绍了钾盐开采废料的特点。论文提供了国内外对废物在日表面储存的生态后果的分析。分析了钾盐开采废料管理的几种方案。对于粘土盐浆的管理,最有效的方法是将其注入地下地层,包括将饱和溶液用作肥料成分、建筑产品的一部分以及石油工业。需要采取更全面的方法来管理海泡石废物。由于在长期运营的企业的领土上存在开采过的区域,因此将废物弃置到废物堆中具有相关性。对盐堆进行复垦将有助于使其与大气降水隔离,从而减少饱和水流入环境。利用废物生产建筑材料是最经济、最环保的选择。从废弃物中提取有价值的成分、生产肥料、浓缩物等是最不实用的方法,因为需要购买提取设备和重复产生废弃物,涉及生态和经济支出。在技术方面,减少废物产生最具挑战性的方面在于改进采矿作业和实施选择性采矿。
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