{"title":"Application of super base calcium oxide catalyst in the synthesis of stearamide surfactants by amidation","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1123301","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Surfactant is a substance that can reduce surface tension, which has two groups in one molecule: hydrophilic and\nhydrophobic. These two groups, in the same molecule, have different degrees of polarity. In this study, stearic acid was\namidated with urea using a super base calcium oxide catalyst in a mixture of hexane and isopropanol solvents. The study\nwas carried out by observing two process-independent variables: the reaction temperature in the range of 55˚C, 65˚C, and\n75˚C, and the reaction time in the range of 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours. Optimum conditions were obtained at a\ntemperature of 75°C and a reaction time of 3 hours, where a conversion of 89.88% was obtained. Then the research\nsamples were analyzed using FT-IR and super base calcium oxide catalyst and analyzed for morphological properties using\nSEM.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1123301","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"Engineering","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Surfactant is a substance that can reduce surface tension, which has two groups in one molecule: hydrophilic and
hydrophobic. These two groups, in the same molecule, have different degrees of polarity. In this study, stearic acid was
amidated with urea using a super base calcium oxide catalyst in a mixture of hexane and isopropanol solvents. The study
was carried out by observing two process-independent variables: the reaction temperature in the range of 55˚C, 65˚C, and
75˚C, and the reaction time in the range of 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours. Optimum conditions were obtained at a
temperature of 75°C and a reaction time of 3 hours, where a conversion of 89.88% was obtained. Then the research
samples were analyzed using FT-IR and super base calcium oxide catalyst and analyzed for morphological properties using
SEM.
期刊介绍：
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (ISSN 1819-6608) is an online peer-reviewed International research journal aiming at promoting and publishing original high quality research in all disciplines of engineering sciences and technology. All research articles submitted to ARPN-JEAS should be original in nature, never previously published in any journal or presented in a conference or undergoing such process across the globe. All the submissions will be peer-reviewed by the panel of experts associated with particular field. Submitted papers should meet the internationally accepted criteria and manuscripts should follow the style of the journal for the purpose of both reviewing and editing. Our mission is -In cooperation with our business partners, lower the world-wide cost of research publishing operations. -Provide an infrastructure that enriches the capacity for research facilitation and communication, among researchers, college and university teachers, students and other related stakeholders. -Reshape the means for dissemination and management of information and knowledge in ways that enhance opportunities for research and learning and improve access to scholarly resources. -Expand access to research publishing to the public. -Ensure high-quality, effective and efficient production and support good research and development activities that meet or exceed the expectations of research community. Scope of Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences: -Engineering Mechanics -Construction Materials -Surveying -Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics -Modeling & Simulations -Thermodynamics -Manufacturing Technologies -Refrigeration & Air-conditioning -Metallurgy -Automatic Control Systems -Electronic Communication Systems -Agricultural Machinery & Equipment -Mining & Minerals -Mechatronics -Applied Sciences -Public Health Engineering -Chemical Engineering -Hydrology -Tube Wells & Pumps -Structures
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